Drug – bio-affecting and body treating compositions – Preparations characterized by special physical form – Cosmetic – antiperspirant – dentifrice
Reexamination Certificate
1999-12-02
2002-03-12
Page, Thurman K. (Department: 1615)
Drug, bio-affecting and body treating compositions
Preparations characterized by special physical form
Cosmetic, antiperspirant, dentifrice
C424S059000, C424S063000, C424S064000
Reexamination Certificate
active
06355261
ABSTRACT:
BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION
1. Field of the Invention
The invention generally relates to a class of salicylic acid esters and, more specifically, the invention relates to a class of diol-disalicylates useful as waxes, including cosmetic waxes, as ultraviolet radiation absorbers, and in the treatment of skin conditions including acne.
2. Brief Description of Related Technology
Cosmetic compositions generally are defined as compositions suitable for application to the human body. Cosmetic compositions such as creams and lotions are used to provide moisture to hair and skin and to keep skin in a smooth, supple condition. Pigmented cosmetic compositions such as makeup, blush, lipstick, and eyeshadow are used to color the skin and lips.
In general, cosmetic emulsions are composed of a fatty phase, an aqueous phase, active materials and, optionally, pigments, preservatives, and ultraviolet radiation filters. Cosmetic compositions can also be anhydrous systems containing waxes, oils, and pigments. In the fatty phase, in addition to emulsifiers, oil components and antioxidants, consistency regulators are employed to increase the viscosity and thus to improve the consistency required for a stable emulsion system. Consistency regulators in water-in-oil emulsions include, for example, beeswax, paraffin, petroleum jelly, microcrystalline waxes, and metal stearates. In oil-in-water emulsions, it is customary to use spermaceti, fatty alcohols, and glycerofatty acid esters.
Waxes are lower-melting organic mixtures or compounds of high molecular weight, solid at room temperature, and generally are similar in composition to fats and oils except that they contain no glycerides. They can be hydrocarbons or esters of fatty acids and alcohols. Waxes generally can be categorized as animal waxes, vegetable waxes, mineral waxes, natural waxes, synthetic waxes, petroleum waxes, ethylenic polymers, hydrocarbons such as Fischer-Tropsch waxes, silicone waxes, and mixtures thereof
Natural waxes traditionally used in cosmetic compositions include waxes of animal origin, e.g., beeswax, spermaceti, and lanolin (wool wax); waxes of vegetable origin, e.g. candelilla, carnauba, bayberry, and sugarcane wax; waxes of mineral origin, e.g. ceresin, montan, and ozokerite; and waxes of petroleum origin, e.g. paraffin and microcrystalline wax. Animal, plant, and some mineral waxes are primarily esters of a high molecular weight fatty alcohol with a high molecular weight fatty acid.
Synthetic waxes include long chained polymers of ethylene oxide combined with a dihydric alcohol, namely polyoxyethylene glycol, (including carbowax), hydrocarbon waxes derived from carbon monoxide and hydrogen (Fischer-Tropsch synthesis waxes), and silicone waxes such as methyloctadecane-oxypolysiloxane and poly(dimethylsiloxy)stearoxysiloxane.
Cosmetic waxes have an emollient effect on the skin, giving a film permeable for moisture (i.e. water vapor) and gas. Cosmetic waxes have, and impart, desired characteristics to a cosmetic composition such as structure, body, or hardness (e.g. in lipid-based materials such as lipsticks and hair pomades), high viscosity (e.g. to emulsions and suspensions), spreadability, long wear, and stability. Typically, cosmetic waxes will have a melting point in the range of about 32° C. to about 120° C.
Candelilla, a typical cosmetic wax, has a melting point of about 70° C. Most waxes having a melting point of about 70° C. provide structure and hardness, but have a waxy, tacky, or grabby feel. Cosmetic compositions made with traditional cosmetic waxes may be prone to oil breakthrough, creasing, ruboff, and difficulty adhering to pigments. In addition, some natural waxes, such as beeswax, are in increasingly short supply. Synthetic waxes, although useful in some cosmetic applications, can also have undesirable tactile or compositional characteristics and also may be costly to produce.
Beta-hydroxy acids (BHA's) also have been used in cosmetic compositions. BHA's include salicylic and citric acids, derivatives of salicylic acid, and their salts. BHA's are lipid soluble and penetrate to the thicker dermal skin layers located below the epidermis. BHA's are effective in exfoliating the lower dermal skin layers, which results in increased cell turnover and the production of new skin cells. It is known that salicylic acid esters and salicylic acid derivative esters, such as tridecyl salicylate, are broken down by esterases in human skin, releasing salicylic acid. It is also known that salicylic acid derivatives and their esters are effective in controlling, reducing and inhibiting oil and grease production by skin. Thus, BHA's are useful in the treatment of adult acne, reversing the effects of premature skin aging, reducing thin lines and wrinkles, and producing firmer, smoother-looking skin.
PCT applications WO 93/10755 and WO 93/10756 report salicylic acid as an effective anti-wrinkling agent. U.S. Pat. No. 5,262,407 reports use of ring acylated salicylic acid as a treatment against skin aging. Salicylic acid has also been described for the treatment of acne in U.S. Pat. Nos. 4,891,227 and 4,891,228. Moreover, salicylic acid has been used for the removal of warts, corns, and calluses; for the treatment of psoriasis, seborrheic dermatitis, and dandruff; and for the topical treatment of ringworm infection.
Sunscreen agents also have been used in cosmetic compositions. Lengthy exposure of the skin to ultraviolet (UV) light typically damages the skin, resulting in sunburn, photoaging, and carcinogeneses. The results of photodamage may be identical to those of aging except that they appear at an accelerated rate. Wriniding, yellowing, leatheriness, mottling, and hyperpigmentation are also associated with sun damage. UV light exposure in the presence of oxygen results in the creation of free radicals. In the skin, these radicals frequently trigger the release of inflammatory mediators, commonly manifested as sun burn, cytoskeletal alterations, breakdown of collagen in the skin, and may also result in structural DNA changes, such as DNA strand breaks and dimer formation.
Sunscreen agents and sunscreen formulations for use on human skin are widely used and are available for diverse consumer needs. Different agents and formulations give different Sun Protection Factor (SPF) values, from 2-4 (“minimal” protection), 4-6 (“moderate” protection), 8-15 (“maximum” protection), and above 15 to indicate “ultra” sun protection.
Sunscreen components include dioxybenzone (benzophenone-8), ethylhexyl p-methoxycinnamate (octyl methoxycinnamate), 2-ethylhexyl salicylate (octyl salicylate), oxybenzone (benzophenone-3), titanium dioxide, p-aminobenzoic acid (PABA) and PABA derivatives. Various other sunscreen materials are found in “A Survey of Ultraviolet Absorbers in Commercially Available Sun Products,” by Roelandts, et al., International Journal of Dermatology, Vol. 22, pages 247-55 (May 1985). Sunscreen compositions can also include a diester and/or polyester of a naphthalene dicarboxylic acid that photostabilizes sunscreen components.
Traditional sunscreen compositions for use on human skin are liquids, solids that require solvation, or particulate solids such as metal oxides. Incorporation of a sunscreen composition into a traditional cosmetic composition affects the physical characteristics of the cosmetic composition and creates obstacles to achieving desirable formulations. For example, incorporation of a liquid sunscreen composition, or a solid sunscreen composition in solution, lowers the viscosity and melting point of a cosmetic composition. As another example, metal oxide particulates, such as titanium dioxide, are difficult to maintain within a wax system due to their tendency to migrate out of the wax system.
Ultraviolet (UV) radiation absorbers also have been used in cosmetic compositions to protect the product from chemical or physical deterioration induced by ultraviolet light. UV absorbers, like sunscreen agents, have the ability to convert incident ultraviolet radiation into less damaging infra
Bonda Craig A.
Marinelli Peter J.
Shah Urvil B.
Howard S.
Marshall Gerstein & Borun
Page Thurman K.
The C. P. Hall Company
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