Surgery – Diagnostic testing – Detecting nuclear – electromagnetic – or ultrasonic radiation
Reexamination Certificate
2001-01-09
2003-06-10
Lateef, Marvin M. (Department: 3737)
Surgery
Diagnostic testing
Detecting nuclear, electromagnetic, or ultrasonic radiation
C600S459000
Reexamination Certificate
active
06575909
ABSTRACT:
The invention relates to an ultrasound probe for ultrasound imaging using contrast enhancing agents and comprising two interleaved arrays of transducer elements, each of said arrays having a longitudinal dimension along which said transducer elements are placed side by side, a first one of said interleaved arrays comprising transducer elements having a lower center frequency and a second one of said interleaved arrays comprising transducer elements having a higher center frequency.
Such a probe is described in international patent application no. WO99/35967 and is used for ultrasound imaging and more particularly in a multipulse and enhancement strategy for ultrasound imaging of an object containing an ultrasound contrast enhancing imaging agent.
Ultrasound contrast agents can be introduced into the body to reflect or absorb ultrasound energy, or to resonate when exposed to such energy, and thereby provide an enhanced image of a part of the body. Examples of such contrast agents, in the form of hollow microcapsules, are given in Japanese patent applications nos. 508032/1992 and 509745/1994 and in PCT/GB95/02673 (WO96/15814). Such agents are injected into the patient's bloodstream and then the patient is subjected to ultrasound radiation.
An ultrasound sequence may comprise a multiple sequence comprising a first pulse burst at a first frequency and low amplitude followed by a second pulse burst at a second frequency and relatively higher amplitude. This second pulse is of sufficient magnitude to induce power enhanced scattering, as defined, in a region of interest. This is then further followed by a third pulse burst of a third frequency and lower amplitude.
Power enhanced scattering is defined as providing an acoustic pulse at an amplitude at least sufficient to cause a change in the acoustic properties of the region of interest to, for example, cause bubbles to be released from the microcapsules.
A known method of producing an ultrasound image of an object containing an ultrasonic contrast imaging agent comprises subjecting the object to a first pulse burst of a first sequency and first power, subjecting the object to a second pulse burst of a second frequency in combination with a second power for optimal bubble release and subjecting the object to a third pulse burst of a third frequency and third power, obtaining a first image of the object as a result of the first pulse burst, obtaining a second image of the object as a result of the third pulse burst and comparing the first and second images to obtain a final enhanced image.
Preferably said first power is a low power relative to said second power which is a high power and said third power is a low power relative to said second power.
Preferably the first and third pulse bursts are at a frequency higher than that of the second pulse bursts, but alternatively the first and third pulse burst may be at a frequency lower than that of the second pulse burst.
Preferably the first and third pulse bursts are identical or have a defined and known relationship.
Preferably the first and third pulse bursts comprise a relatively lower number of cycles than the second pulse burst.
The first and third pulse bursts may comprise a single cycle.
The second pulse burst comprises a plurality of cycles.
Preferably the time between the first and third pulse bursts is less than 100 &mgr;s.
The third pulse birst may be combined with or overlap with the second pulse bursts. Any image pulse obtained from the third pulse burst can be filtered out from any interference from the second pulse bursts by virtue of the difference in frequencies.
In the imaging method a first image is obtained during the first pulse burst and a second image is obtained during the third pulse burst. The second higher amplitude pulse burst comprises a release burst for release of bubbles from a suitable agent such as Quantison.
Suitable microcapsules include those disclosed as “QUANTISON”™ microcapsules by Andaris Limited, and described in WO92/18164 (U.S. Pat. No. 5,518,709), WO94/08627 and WO96/15814 (U.S. Ser. No. 08/676,344 filed Jul. 19, 1996). The microcapsules are made by spare-drying a solution of serum albumin to form hollow microcapsules generally of diameter 1 to 10 &mgr;m; for example 90% may have a diameter of 1.0 to 9.0 &mgr;m or 1 to 6.0 &mgr;m, as measured in a Coulter Counter Multmizer II. However, any gas containing microcapsule, microsphere or microparticle which releases the gas on irridation with a non-physiologically harmful dose of ultrasound may be used in the methods of the invention.
In an enhancement sequence the first and second images obtained during the first and third pulse bursts are compared with each other to provide a combined improved image, for example by subtractive decorrelation.
A further description of the prior art will now be given with reference to some of the accompanying drawings in which:
FIG. 1
shows an exemplary pulse burst sequence;
FIG. 2
shows a decorrelation profile obtained using the pulse burst sequence of
FIG. 1
;
FIG. 3
shows an image resulting from an experiment with the first and third pulses without the power enhanced scattering effect produced by the second pulse;
FIG. 4
shows the images resulting when all three pulses are present and with
FIG. 2
shows the advantages of decorrelation;
FIG. 5
shows a block diagram of a prior art apparatus; and
FIG. 6
shows a transducer.
REFERENCES:
patent: 5099459 (1992-03-01), Smith
patent: 5420429 (1995-05-01), Eberhard et al.
patent: 5509417 (1996-04-01), Dias et al.
patent: 5906580 (1999-05-01), Kline-Schoder et al.
patent: 6117082 (2000-09-01), Bradley et al.
patent: 508032 (1993-01-01), None
patent: 509745 (1993-01-01), None
patent: WO 92/18164 (1992-10-01), None
patent: WO 94/08627 (1994-04-01), None
patent: WO 96/15814 (1996-05-01), None
patent: WO 99/35967 (1999-07-01), None
Thomas P. Stephens, “Ultrasound Transducer With Wider Range Of Focus And Penetration”, Research Disclosure, Great Britain, Industrial Opportunities LTD. Havant, No. 399, Jul. 1, 1997.
Dutch Search Report.
De Jong Nicolaas
Mastenbroek Rudi Frans
Smallenburg Robert Jan
Altera Law Group LLC
Imam Ali M.
Lateef Marvin M.
Oldelft B.V.
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