Chemistry: electrical and wave energy – Processes and products – Processes of treating materials by wave energy
Patent
1990-08-02
1995-01-10
Gorgos, Kathryn
Chemistry: electrical and wave energy
Processes and products
Processes of treating materials by wave energy
604 22, 606128, 601 2, 601 4, C07C 100
Patent
active
053804112
DESCRIPTION:
BRIEF SUMMARY
An important field of application of ultrasound technology is the examination of material without destroying same. In the Taschenbuch Akustik--Berlin: Verlag Technik 1984, H. O. Richter describes the ultrasound material examination; and, in this report, the coupling technique is explained, i.e., the coupling of the ultrasound vibrator to the test specimen.
In the journal "ULTRASONICS", July 1985, pp. 170-172, a process is described wherein a glass plate is cleaned in water by means of an ultrasound field. In the water, air bubbles are produced by ultrasound wherein the diameter of these bubbles is greater than that of the air bubbles which are produced by the basic frequency (25 kHz) of the irradiated ultrasound field. The first harmonic (47.2 kHz) of the irradiated ultrasound field acts as a surface wave on the boundary surface water/air of the air bubbles and produces secondary microbubbles whose diameter is smaller than that of the microbubbles which are produced only by the first harmonic. The coating material on the glass plate is removed by this small bubble system. With this process, high-energy ultrasound fields must be irradiated, which is not tolerated by all materials.
The object of the present invention is to improve the ultrasound work process by providing a special process and preparation for carrying out this process whereby good results can be achieved using less energy than with known processes and, in particular, through using shock waves.
According to the invention, this is achieved through the use of a preparation containing and/or producing microbubbles, added with or without microparticles to the medium, and the size of the microbubbles and the frequency range of the ultrasound field are attuned with each other so that the resonance frequency of the microbubbles lies in the frequency range of the ultrasound field.
The preparations containing or producing the microbubbles are applied to the medium in which the desired work is to be carried out or a predetermined action is to be achieved whereby the action of the irradiated shock waves or ultrasound fields is synergistically improved. The same effects are achieved with less irradiated energy. Greater effects are produced with the same energy.
For ultrasound irradiation, it is particularly advantageous to set the size of the microbubbles so that their resonance frequency lies in the frequency range of the ultrasound.
With the work process, the shock waves or ultrasound field is radiated by focusing generators into the medium into which the preparations containing or producing the microbubbles are introduced.
Shock waves or ultrasound fields are advantageously irradiated into a predetermined area by generators from different directions. It is further proposed to swivel the generator(s) of the shock waves or ultrasound fields around the focus.
Of special significance is the intensifying action with surface treatments of workpieces, such as surface tempering and the like, by means of shock waves or ultrasound. A further area of application is shock wave or ultrasound cleaning wherein the shock wave or ultrasound energy is radiated via the base and walls of a cleaning tank or via suspended generators into the cleaning fluid. The material to be cleaned can be brought into the cleaning fluid in cages or drums and, in the case of large installations, through a conveyor system. By using the preparation containing or producing the microbubbles according to the invention, it is possible to reduce cleaning times quite considerably and to achieve an extremely clean-pore surface.
The process according to the invention can also be used in the case of disintegration which comprises the use of shock waves or power ultrasound for extraction, dispersion (emulsification, homogenization), and for other processes. With this process, it is possible to break down microorganisms such as bacteria, viruses and fungi. Ingredients can be extracted from plant and animal materials. Substances which are difficult to dissolve can be emulsified in liquids, and solid, in
REFERENCES:
patent: 4276885 (1981-07-01), Tickner et al.
patent: 4466442 (1984-08-01), Hilmann
patent: 4681119 (1987-07-01), Rasor
patent: 4920954 (1990-05-01), Alliger et al.
Gorgos Kathryn
Schering Aktiengesellschaft
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