Measuring and testing – Liquid analysis or analysis of the suspension of solids in a... – Content or effect of a constituent of a liquid mixture
Patent
1973-10-23
1976-08-17
Queisser, Richard C.
Measuring and testing
Liquid analysis or analysis of the suspension of solids in a...
Content or effect of a constituent of a liquid mixture
73 19, 73 715US, 128 2V, 128 205Z, G01N 2902
Patent
active
039746810
ABSTRACT:
The mode of operation is by ultrasonic through-transmission, and the detector is preferably employed for detecting air bubbles in intravenous feeding tubes to prevent air embolism. Transmission of sound from the transmitter, via the sensor head, to the receiver of the detector is dependent upon the existence of a fluid within the tubing. Acoustic losses, operating frequency, and the distance between transmitter and receiver are optimized to permit constructive-interference of energy transmitted to and reflected from the receiver, resulting in a partial standing wave as in a resonant cavity. If an air bubble passes through the sensor head a large acoustic discontinuity occurs, causing ultrasound to scatter and reflect from its normal path. These losses allow little ultrasonic energy to couple to the receiver. The sensor head includes oppositely and spacedly disposed cylindrical sound pipe segments having facing tubing accommodating recesses, and respectively connecting to the transmitter and receiver. Sound pipe segments have a markedly higher refractive index in comparison with the feeding tubing and its liquid contents causing ultrasound energy to focus towards the center of the feeding tube, thereby yielding greatest sensitivity to transmittion losses through the fluid within the feeding tube.
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manley, Ultrasonics, "Ultrasonic Detection of Gas Bubbles in Blood," Apr. 1969, pp. 102-105.
Mole et al., Journal of the Acoustical Society of America, "Scattering of Sound by Air Bubbles in Water," Sept. 1972, pp. 837-842.
Nishi, Ultrasonics, "Ultrasonic Detection of Bubbles with Doppler Flow Transducers," July 1972, pp. 173-179.
Kreitman Stephen A.
Queisser Richard C.
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