Fluid-pressure and analogous brake systems – Multiple fluid-receiving devices – Multiple motors
Patent
1994-07-25
1996-03-26
Ballato, Josie A.
Fluid-pressure and analogous brake systems
Multiple fluid-receiving devices
Multiple motors
303 961, 3031135, B60T 702, B62L 300
Patent
active
055015115
DESCRIPTION:
BRIEF SUMMARY
BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION
The invention relates to a fluid interlinked brake for single-track vehicles which has two brake systems associated with respective front and rear wheels, each comprising at least one brake unit and two independent actuators, one connected to each of the brake systems; and to a single-track vehicle having such a brake.
The brakes of single-track road vehicles must have two systems available, each of which acts to ensure the required security against failure even when the other fails. As a rule, at least one manually operated front wheel brake and a foot-operated rear wheel brake independent of the front wheel brake are provided. Because of the ratio of wheel base to height of center of gravity in conventional single-track vehicles, up to 100% of the total weight shifts onto the front wheel in a severe brake application. When the front wheel is locked by braking, the vehicle immediately loses its dynamic stability and unless the locking ceases rapidly the vehicle falls over. Consequently, brake applications near the maximum coefficient of friction must not overbrake the front wheel before the rear wheel. Optimal graduation of the braking force by the driver by means of the hand brake and foot brake of conventional single-track vehicles is very difficult and at times is virtually impossible because of the total weight shift and the resulting alteration in braking force distribution for minimal braking distance and, more particularly in the light of variable coefficients of friction of the road, for example, because of differences in road surfaces, wetness, dirt, oil, frost and so on. A choice must be made between overlong braking distances or the risk of falling. Because of graduation problems it has so far proved impossible to use braking force amplifiers.
Various interlinked brake devices are known. Because of the forward displacement of vehicle weight which occurs in braking, many vehicles have one or two front wheel brakes and a single rear wheel brake. In a partially interlinked brake device known since 1925 a front wheel brake and a rear wheel brake can be operated mechanically by the brake pedal and failure protection is provided by manual operation of the second front wheel brake. Corresponding hydraulic, partially interlinked devices have been known since about 1970 which are adapted to individual vehicle characteristics to some extent by differences in brake disc diameter and/or brake caliper transmission ratios.
SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION
It is an object of the invention to provide a brake device which is simple to operate, meets failure protection requirements, obviates the risk of overbraking of the front wheel and which helps to minimize braking distances without making great demands on driver skill. This is achieved in accordance with the present invention by connecting two brake systems to the actuators by way of a coupler having two pressure medium ducts which are isolated from one another and which can be connected one to each of the brake systems and the associated actuator. A moving connecting part is further provided which is actuatable by way of the pressure medium ducts and by way of which the same can be interconnected mechanically so that both brake systems can be actuated with one of the actuators.
The construction according to the invention facilitates an automatic distribution of forces between the front and rear brake systems by the operation of a single control element, e.g. a brake pedal, which can be coupled with simple connections to the brake units--at least one front wheel brake and a rear wheel brake. Failure protection--i.e., independent operation in the event of failure of one of the brake systems--is afforded by the coupler of the invention, which isolates the front system from the rear system fluidwise and simultaneously produces a mechanical connection.
According to a feature of the invention the coupler can comprise a control element, e.g. in the form of a pressure-distributing spring, providing automatic adaptation of the braking forces
REFERENCES:
patent: 4174867 (1979-11-01), Oberthu/ r
patent: 4176886 (1979-12-01), Watanabe
patent: 4440452 (1984-04-01), Burckhardt
patent: 4598954 (1986-07-01), Hayashi
patent: 4626042 (1986-12-01), Burckhardt
Ballato Josie A.
Peraves Ltd.
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