Bleaching and dyeing; fluid treatment and chemical modification – Dyeing involving animal-derived natural fiber material ,... – Hair dyeing
Reexamination Certificate
2001-02-23
2003-04-15
Gupta, Yogendra N. (Department: 1751)
Bleaching and dyeing; fluid treatment and chemical modification
Dyeing involving animal-derived natural fiber material ,...
Hair dyeing
C008S406000, C008S407000, C008S409000, C008S410000, C008S411000
Reexamination Certificate
active
06547833
ABSTRACT:
FIELD OF THE INVENTION
This invention relates to high aqueous-content hair coloring compositions with good thickening and conditioning properties with minimized drying effects.
BACKGROUND TO THE INVENTION
When oxidation dyes of the type comprising primary intermediates and couplers are used in the dyeing of human hair, the procedure usually involves the use of a two part system. One part is the lotion formulation which contains a variety of ingredients, including the oxidation dye precursors, and forms a gel immediately prior to application to the human hair, when mixed with the second part which is the developer formulation containing a suitable oxidizing agent. The developer usually contains an oxidizing agent, such as hydrogen peroxide and as a consequence some of the natural melanin pigment of the hair may be initially destroyed. The precursors in the lotion penetrate into the hair and are oxidized to produce the desired color. Such systems will generally contain 50% or more of organic solvents and surfactants, and require relatively high levels of dye precursors to produce the desired color.
Several conditions are important for the procedures using oxidative dyes to work properly. These include the following.
1. The formulations must be stable to insure a reasonable shelf life.
2. The compositions formed by mixing the lotion and developer must have rheological properties whereby application, either by use of a brush or with the fingers, can readily distribute the dye throughout the hair mass and yet in the absence of stress, dripping or running from the hair during the color development period can be substantially avoided.
3. The dye mixture, as applied to the hair, should allow rapid diffusion of the dye precursors from the dye mixture into the hair fiber.
4. The mixture, while thick enough to stay in place during the color development period, should be readily rinseable from the hair with water.
5. The mixture should preferably contain conditioning agents that leave the hair in a condition such that it is easy to detangle while wet and also feel smooth and be readily managed when dry.
6. The lotion and developer should preferably, but not necessarily, have comparable viscosities in order to facilitate mixing.
7. The dyeing effect should be rapid, with a dyeing time preferably under thirty minutes
In conventional permanent hair dye products, the rheological properties have generally been attained by the use of a dye lotion containing a high level of surfactants and organic solvents to provide a thin lotion which, on mixture with a highly aqueous developer solution of the oxidizing agent, forms a dye mixture with the desired gel-like consistency. The disadvantage of this approach is that the dye mixture still contains a high level of surfactants that tend to retard the diffusion of the dye precursors into the hair. The preferred surfactants in commercial products have been nonionic or anionic materials that do not provide any conditioning. The preferred conditioners for human hair are cationic surfactants that provide excellent conditioning but are incompatible with anionic surfactants.
There have been many efforts to produce oxidative hair dyeing compositions having the desired properties, listed above, while at the same time avoiding the aforesaid problems.
U.S. Pat. Nos. 3,303,213; 3,331,781; 3,436,167 and 3,891,385 describe the use, in hair treating compositions, of specific amphoteric surfactants such as the sodium salt of N-(N
1
,N
1
-dimethyl-aminopropyl)-N
2
-alkyl (fatty) asparagine wherein the “fatty” moiety is derived from the fatty acids of tallow. According to the patents, the amphoteric surfactant can be employed with organic solvents and any of a variety of cationic, anionic or non-ionic surface active agents. There is no indication of the use of quaternary ammonium salts in the compositions.
U.S. Pat. No. 4,402,700 describes hair dyeing compositions containing quaternary ammonium compounds and also cites the possible uses of amphoteric surfactants in the compositions. These compositions, however, require the uses of organic solvents and nonionic surfactants, and the amount of water in the compositions is less than 50%.
U.S. Pat. No. 4,532,127 describes hair coloring compositions containing oxidative dyes together with an oxidizing agent. The compositions require the presence of quaternary amine compounds containing two long chain alkyl radicals each having about 10 to 26 carbon atoms. Any of a variety of surfactants may be present in the composition that, although they have a high water content may contain organic solvents. The lotions of the patent contain di-long chain alkyl quaternary ammonium compounds in the presence of relatively large amounts of non-ionic surfactants. They are said to be superior to a comparison lotion containing a mono-long chain alkyl quaternary ammonium compound in combination with an amphoteric surfactant. The lotions of this patent suffer from the disadvantage of having high levels of surfactant thus inhibiting rapid diffusion of the dye precursors into the hair. Furthermore, di-long chain alkyl quaternary ammonium compounds are poorly biodegradable, particularly as compared to the mono-long chain alkyl quaternary ammonium compounds. The compositions disclosed are free of anionic surfactants and anionic polymers.
U.S. Pat. No. 4,663,158 describes hair conditioning compositions containing an amphoteric surfactant together with at least one quaternary cationic polymer such as poly (methacrylamidopropyl)trimethy ammonium chloride. The compositions are acidic.
U.S. Pat. No. 4,563,188 discloses hair dyeing compositions containing specific para-phenylenediamine derivatives which may contain any of several types of surfactants as well as organic solvents.
U.S. Pat. No. 5,137,538 describes oxidative hair dyeing compositions containing specific para phenylenediamines and N,N
1
-diphenylalkylenediamines. The compositions may be acidic or alkaline. They may contain organic solvents and anionic, cationic, non-ionic or amphoteric surfactants.
U.S. Pat. No. 4,362,528 refers to compositions said to be useful for hair coloring. These compositions comprise oxidative dyes together with any of a variety of cationic polymers. The hair is first treated with such composition and subsequently rinsed with a shampoo composition containing an anionic detergent.
U.S. Pat. No. 4,240,450 describes hair treating mixtures such as shampoos and hair coloring compositions which may be oxidative. The compositions include cationic and anionic polymers that may be chosen from hundreds of such polymers which are generically and specifically described.
U.S. Pat. No. 3,986,825 refers to a variety of hair coloring composition which may be employed with either oxidizing agents or reducing agents and which employ any of a wide variety of surfactant water soluble polymer additives together with anionic, cationic, nonionic or amphoteric surfactants.
U.S. Pat. No. RE. 33786 teaches that rapid dyeing with highly aqueous compositions can be achieved through the use of a certain acrylate copolymer viz an acrylate/steareth-20 methacrylate copolymer in the developer. A similar system employing a certain anionic copolymer of acrylic acid or methacrylic acid with their lower alkyl esters is disclosed in U.S. Pat. No. 5,393,305. Also, in U.S. Pat. No. 5,376,146 the use of a combination of anionic acrylic polymers, such as the copolymers of both RE No. 33786 and U.S. Pat. No. 5,393,305, is disclosed. In U.S. Pat. Nos. 5,976,195 and 6,074,439 the use of anionic polymers containing at least one allyl ether unit is taught to improve gelling properties of such hair coloring compositions. Such polymers produce a thickening effect only when the developer is added to the alkaline lotion containing the color precursor. The disadvantage of the use of acrylate copolymers, or any other anionic polymer, as used in these patents is that they tend to deactivate quaternary ammonium conditioning compounds by complexation. Furthermore, products containing a simple aqueous acrylate system are diffi
Casperson Stephen
Grogin Slavica
Khan Zubaida
Lee Kue-Yick
Clairol Incorporated
Elhilo Eisa
Zeller Charles J.
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