Solid anti-friction devices – materials therefor – lubricant or se – Lubricants or separants for moving solid surfaces and... – Heterocyclic ring compound; a heterocyclic ring is one...
Reexamination Certificate
1998-09-08
2002-12-24
Medley, Margaret (Department: 1714)
Solid anti-friction devices, materials therefor, lubricant or se
Lubricants or separants for moving solid surfaces and...
Heterocyclic ring compound; a heterocyclic ring is one...
C508S545000, C508S558000, C508S591000
Reexamination Certificate
active
06498129
ABSTRACT:
This invention relates to a lubricant composition useful as a two-cycle oil. Two-stroke-cycle gasoline engines now range from small, less than 50 cc engines, to higher performance engines of 200 to 500 cc. The development of such high performance engines has created the need for new two-cycle oil standards and improved lubricants which satisfy these standards.
Two-cycle engines are lubricated by mixing the fuel and lubricant and allowing the mixed composition to pass through the engine. Various types of two-cycle oils, compatible with fuel, have been described in the art. Typically, such oils contain a variety of additive components in order for the oil to pass industry standard tests to permit use in two-cycle engines.
The present invention is based on the discovery that the use of a combination of polyisobutylene amine and a nitrogen containing dispersant results in an improved two-cycle oil.
Accordingly, there has been discovered a two-cycle lubricating oil composition having a Brookfield viscosity of about 2,000 to 7,500 cps at −25° C. comprising an admixture of the following:
(a) 1.5-8% by weight (active ingredient basis) of a polyisobutylene amine, the polyisobutylene having an Mn (number average) molecular weight of about 400-1500;
(b) 2.5-8% by weight (active ingredient basis) of a nitrogen-containing lubricating oil dispersant being a reaction product of an oil soluble hydrocarbyl substituted carboxylic acylating agent and a polyamine;
(c) 5-30% by weight of a polybutene polymer having an Mn molecular weight of about 900-1500;
(d) 10-45% by weight of a normally liquid hydrocarbon solvent having a boiling point range of about 120-380° C. and a flash point in the range of 55-140° C.; and
(e) the balance an oil of lubricating viscosity.
Polyisobutylenes useful in this invention for preparing polyisobutylene amines generally have an average Mn molecular weight of about 400-1500, preferably 900-1200, and the polyisobutylene amine can be prepared by chlorination or hydroformylation of a reactive polyolefin such as polyisobutylene, and subsequent amination with ammonia, hydrocarbyl amine or diamine, hydrocarbyl polyamine, alkoxylated hydrocarbyl amines, or mixture thereof. Ammonia, ethylenediamine, propylenetriamine, diethylenetriamine, triethylenetetramine, hydroxyalkyl-ethylenediamines, hydroxyalkyl triethylenetetramines, and similar compounds can be converted to polyalkyleneamines by these procedures. Mixtures of the above and similar amines can also be used effectively. Alternatively, these amines can be prepared by chlorination or halogenation of appropriate polymeric olefins, and then converted into corresponding polyalkyleneamine derivatives using these or other known methods of manufacture. They are preferably used in amounts of 6-7 wt. % in the present invention.
Particularly preferred is a polyisobutylene amine prepared from ethylene diamine and Mn 1200 polyisobutylene (PIB). It is preferably present in an amount of about 6-7% by weight on an active ingredient basis, the additive normally being provided in a solution of mineral oil containing about 50-75% by weight PIB amine, such as about 60% by weight.
The (b) component of the two-cycle oils of this invention is a lubricating oil nitrogen-containing carboxylic dispersant present in an amount of about 2.5-8% by weight, preferably about 6-7% by weight. These percentages do not include the mineral oil carriers commonly used in the dispersant products and are therefore on an active ingredient (a.i.) basis. The active ingredient content of such dispersants is typically about 50-95% by weight.
The nitrogen-containing carboxylic dispersants include amine reaction products of hydrocarbyl-substituted carboxylic acylating agents such as substituted carboxylic acids or derivatives thereof. Typically the amines are polyamines, preferably the amines are ethylene amines, amine bottoms or amine condensates. The hydrocarbyl-substituted carboxylic acylating agent and polyamine are reacted at a temperature from about 0° C., preferably about 50° C., up to about 200° C., preferably up to about 150° C. Usually an equivalent of acylating agent is reacted with 1-4 equivalents of polyamine, preferably 2-4 equivalents.
The hydrogen-substituted carboxylic acylating agent may be derived from a monocarboxylic acid or a polycarboxylic acid. Polycarboxylic acids generally are preferred. The acylating agents may be a carboxylic acid or derivatives of the carboxylic acid such as the halides, esters, anhydrides, etc., preferably acid, esters or anhydrides, more preferably anhydrides. Preferably the carboxylic acylating agent is a succinic acylating agent.
The hydrocarbyl-substituted carboxylic acylating agent includes agents which have a hydrocarbyl group derived from a polyalkene. The polyalkene is characterized as containing from at least about 8 carbon atoms, preferably at least about 30, more preferably at least 35 up to about 300 carbon atoms, preferably 200, more preferably 100. In one embodiment, the polyalkene is characterized by an Mn (number average molecular weight) value of at least about 500. Generally, the polyalkene is characterized by an Mn value of about 500 to about 5000, preferably about 800 to about 2500. In another embodiment Mn varies between about 500 to about 1200.
Preferred for use in the oils of this invention are polyisobutenyl succinimide dispersants where the polyisobutenyl group has an Mn of about 450-1500, more preferably 900-1200, especially about 950.
The polyalkenes include homopolymers and interpolymers of polymerizable olefin monomers of 2 to about 16 carbon atoms; usually 2 to about 6, preferably 2 to about 4, more preferably 4. The olefins may be monoolefins such as ethylene, propylene, 1-butene, isobutene, and 1-octene; or a polyolefinic monomer, preferably diolefinic monomer, such 1,3-butadiene and isoprene. Preferably, the interpolymer is a homopolymer. An example of a preferred homopolymer is a polybutene, preferably a polybutene in which about 50% of the polymer is derived from isobutylene. The polyalkenes are prepared by conventional procedures.
The hydrocarbyl-substituted carboxylic acylating agents are prepared by a reaction of one or more polyalkenes with one or more unsaturated carboxylic reagent. The unsaturated carboxylic reagent generally contains an alpha-beta olefinic unsaturation. The carboxylic reagents may be carboxylic acids per se and functional derivatives thereof, such as anhydrides, esters, amides, imides, salts, acyl halides, and nitriles. These carboxylic acid reagents may be either monobasic or polybasic in nature. When they are polybasic they are preferably dicarboxylic acids, although tri- and tetracarboxylic acids can be used. Specific examples of useful monobasic unsaturated carboxylic acids are acrylic acid, methacrylic acid, cinnamic acid, crotonic acid, 2-phenylpropenoic acid, etc. Exemplary polybasic acids include maleic acid, fumaric acid, mesaconic acid, itaconic acid and citraconic acid. Generally, the unsaturated carboxylic acid or derivative is maleic anhydride or maleic or fumaric acid or ester, preferably, maleic acid or anhydride, more preferably maleic anhydride.
The polybutene polymer useful as component (c) in the two-cycle lubricating oil compositions of this invention is a mixture of poly-n-butenes and polyisobutylene which normally results from the polymerization of C
4
olefins and generally will have a number average (Mn) molecular weight of about 900 to 1500 with a polyisobutylene or polybutene having a number average molecular weight of about 950 to 1300 being particularly preferred for component (c). The preferred amount is 7-8 wt. % in the two-cycle oils of the invention. Most preferable is a mixture of polybutene and polyisobutylene having a number average molecular weight of about 950. Number average molecular weight (Mn) is measured by gel permeation chromatography. Polymers composed of 100% polyisobutylene or 100% poly-n-butene are also within the scope of this invention and within the meaning of the term “a polybutene polymer”.
A preferred pol
Hartley Rolfe J.
Meny Emil J.
Exxon Chemical Patents INC.
Medley Margaret
Toomer Cephia D.
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