Turning – Process of turning
Reexamination Certificate
2002-05-20
2004-04-06
Fridie, Jr., Willmon (Department: 3722)
Turning
Process of turning
C082S159000
Reexamination Certificate
active
06715386
ABSTRACT:
BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION
Field of the Invention
The invention relates to a turning method on a lathe or a machining apparatus using a tool head which, for the machining, can be rotated mechanically in a receptacle with a rotary axis D in the course of the machining and, with or without the use of individual tool holders, is fitted with one or more cutting inserts that are used individually during the machining.
It is characteristic of all turning operations that the cutting movement for the machining is carried out by the workpiece. To this end, the workpiece is clamped in the spindle receptacle of a lathe or a machining apparatus and set in rotation. Depending on the design of the lathe, the feed and infeed movements of the cutting tool for machining the workpiece are performed solely by moving the cutting tool or by a movement of the lathe spindle with the clamped workpiece alone or combined with a movement of the cutting tool.
The relative positional changes of the cutting tool which are possible during turning are identified by standardized axis designations, the basic position of the axis definition being the right-hand, right-angled coordinate system with the axes X, Y and Z, which is referenced to the main guideways of the machine tool.
The axis which coincides with the rotary axis of the workpiece or runs parallel to this rotary axis is established as the Z-axis, while the axis which is perpendicular to the Z-axis, and which is the main axis in the positioning plane parallel to the workpiece mounting plane, is established as the X-axis. Depending on the design of the lathe, whether it is a flat-bed or inclined-bed design, the plane determined by the X-axis and Z-axis runs horizontally or inclined. The position of the Y-axis is automatically obtained from the definition according to the right-hand, right-angled coordinate system by the establishing of the X-axis and Z-axis.
If the feed movement of the cutting tool takes place in the direction of the Z-axis and the infeed movement takes place in the direction of the X-axis, this involves longitudinal turning, whereas facing is carried out with a feed movement in the direction of the X-axis and an infeed movement in the direction of the Z-axis. Even during the machining of relatively simple workpieces, it is necessary for efficient machining to combine facing and longitudinal turning with one another in each case in the two possible directions, which as a rule is feasible only with the use of a plurality of different cutting tools. To produce complex shaped workpieces with special configurations, such as shoulders, spherical surface sections, or special configurations of bores, an even greater number of different cutting tools are necessary, which as a rule are used one after the other.
There are standardized tool reference systems for the clear definition and description of the angles at the cutting-edge part of a cutting tool. Thus, for example in cutting tools according to DIN 6581 (German Industrial Standard), a plane through a selected point of the cutting edge perpendicular to the assumed cutting direction occurring in the position of use of the cutting edge is established as tool reference plane P
r
.
Cutting tools nowadays, virtually without exception, consist of cutting inserts in the form of indexable cutting tips of different cutting materials with diverse geometries, these indexable cutting tips as a rule being positioned individually in individually adapted tool holders or tool heads while taking into account the machining angles required during the cutting action, such as setting angle, clearance angle and rake angle.
In simple lathes, as a rule up to a maximum of four of these tool holders are arranged so as to be offset by 90° from one another in a tool receptacle, with which they can be brought into use one after the other as required by manual rotation of the tool receptacle.
In more complex automated lathes, the different tool holders are clamped in “tool turrets”, with which the individual tool holders are brought into use in a specific manner by mechanical rotation of the tool turret about a rotary axis. In ultramodern turning or machining apparatuses, which often work with two opposite work spindles which can be driven independently of one another, two tool turrets are often used, and these tool turrets can be traversed in front of and behind the work spindles in each case in the direction of the X-axis and Z-axis and can also be rotated with a rotary axis parallel to the Z-axis. The individual tool holders are either rigidly fastened to the end face of the tool turret in certain angular sections or are also often fastened in a rotatable manner via special rotationally symmetrical receptacles at certain angular distances to the end face or to the circumferential surface of the tool turret. Thus such rotationally symmetrical tool receptacles may also be designed such that they can be driven mechanically, so that drilling and milling tools may also be accommodated by the tool turret and thus the range of machining operations on the lathe or on the machining apparatus is expanded.
The disadvantage with these fully automated lathes or machining apparatuses using tool turrets lies in the fact that the position of the individual tool holders cannot be varied in such a way that different setting angles of the indexable cutting tips during the turning with a tool holder can be set, so that, even for pure turning, a multiplicity of different tools having receptacles adapted to the different setting angles of the indexable cutting tips may still be necessary for a large number of different forms of indexable cutting tip. Since, here too, each indexable cutting tip is as a rule arranged individually in a separate tool holder, the tool turret provided for accommodating these tool holders must be of a large design and becomes very heavy as a result. This large mass must be moved rapidly and precisely, which can only be effected with a very large design outlay and thus makes this type of lathe very expensive.
Machining apparatuses with separate milling attachments are also known, in which, in addition to pure turning and limited drilling and milling operations, the possibilities for extended milling or drilling operations are thus also provided. These milling attachments are traversable in the X-direction and Z-direction of the machining apparatus, the milling spindle, with a rotary axis D, rotating or being rotatable in an infinitely variable manner parallel to the X-Z plane and also being pivotable about the Y-axis. In addition, varied milling and/or drilling operations can be carried out on the workpiece with such a milling attachment.
For such a milling attachment, for accommodating in the milling spindle, a rotationally symmetrical tool head for turning is known, this tool head having four different indexable cutting tips which can be brought into use one after the other by specific mechanical rotation of the tool head in the milling spindle.
In this case, the indexable cutting tips are arranged about the rotary axis D of the tool head in such a way that the individual tool reference planes P
r
each run so as to be offset from one another by 90° and parallel to the rotary axis D. During turning with such a tool head, although different indexable cutting tips can be brought into use one after the other, variation of the setting angle of the individual indexable cutting tips is only possible to a limited extent due to the specific arrangement of the indexable cutting tips in the tool head. As a result, it is also not possible with such a tool to carry out different turning operations such as longitudinal turning and facing, in each case in both directions, with a single indexable cutting tip by specific variation of the setting angle.
SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION
It is accordingly an object of the invention to provide a method for machine turning using a tool head, which overcomes the above-mentioned disadvantages of the heretofore-known devices and methods of this general type and in which turning method a pl
Fridie Jr. Willmon
Greenberg Laurence A.
Locher Ralph E.
Plansee Tizit Aktiengesellschaft
Stemer Werner H.
LandOfFree
Turning method does not yet have a rating. At this time, there are no reviews or comments for this patent.
If you have personal experience with Turning method, we encourage you to share that experience with our LandOfFree.com community. Your opinion is very important and Turning method will most certainly appreciate the feedback.
Profile ID: LFUS-PAI-O-3247714