Chemistry: electrical and wave energy – Apparatus – Electrolytic
Patent
1996-01-02
1997-11-18
Niebling, John
Chemistry: electrical and wave energy
Apparatus
Electrolytic
204275, 204283, 204284, C25B 1103
Patent
active
056883870
DESCRIPTION:
BRIEF SUMMARY
FIELD OF INVENTION
The apparatus has been developed conducting of electrochemical synthesis, for example in an electrolyte containing NaOH and oxygen gas for evolving of nascent oxygen at the anode and hydroxy radicals at the cathode, and which can be applied both for de-lignification and/or bleaching of for example lignin-containing cellulosic material and for oxidation of organic compounds in liquids, in connection with COD-reduction or desinfection.
The apparatus can also be applied for electrostatic treatment of liquids containing fines, colloids and chemicals and thereby influence surface tensions, transfer of charges, electrokinetics and adsorption, for example in connection with flocculation, sedimentation, flotation etc. Other possible fields of application can be as elements in the construction of galvanic cells or fuel cells.
1. Background of the Invention.
Hydroxy radicals, as a product of hydrogen peroxide, H.sub.2 O.sub.2, dissolved in water, is today used as bleaching agent by so-called "lignin-preserving bleaching" in the pulp and paper industry, i.e. for oxidation and breakdown of preferably chemical bondings in the colouring matters of lignin, or also as an oxidation and disinfection means against water pollution. H.sub.2 O.sub.2 is today produced "off-line", i.e. outside the process in which the bleaching is taking place, and is added to the process from the outside as a bleaching liquid.
External H.sub.2 O.sub.2 production is relatively expensive due to separate production equipment, transportation costs and necessary precautions against chemical degradation before use.
Nascent oxygen, O, is today brought about by the use of ozone, and evolves in the moment ozone, O.sub.3, is degraded into O.sub.2 +O in the medium to be bleached. The production of ozone today is relatively complicated and takes place in separate, external O.sub.3 -generators, attached to a separate O.sub.2 -plant.
Common drawbacks by today's electrolytical cells are their capacity limitations due to a relatively small contact area between the electrolyte and the current conducting material of the electrode.
As for electrostatic influence on liquids as mentioned above, there is to our knowledge as per today not established any technology ready for use.
2. Summary of the Invention.
The apparatus is directed to eliminating the above drawbacks and has the following, special features: separated electrolysis chambers for for example production of respectively nascent oxygen and hydroxy radicals, to the liquid or suspension to be treated, metal foils onto which the electrolyte is being sprayed or pumped through, de-lignified, bleached or oxidized in connection with desinfection or COD-reduction in or in direct connection with the electrolysis chamber, conductivity and electrochemical efficiency, in the electrodes (for example 200 million holes per square meter), creating a very large contact area between the metal in the electrodes and the process liquid, and which promotes the electrolysis correspondingly, in a circuit repeatedly through the electrodes.
IN THE DRAWINGS
FIG. 1 shows the invented apparatus equipped with two flat electrodes and the auxiliary embodiments connected to them.
FIGS. 2 and 3 show the construction of the two flat electrodes and the diaphragm between them.
FIG. 4 shows the apparatus equipped with two cylindrically formed electrodes, together with the auxiliary embodiments.
FIG. 5 clarifies the construction of the cylindrically formed electrodes.
FIG. 6 is a picture of the perforated metal foil electrode, photographed with cellulose fibres at the surface.
DESCRIPTION OF THE PREFERRED EMBODIMENT
FIG. 1 shows an example of the basic principle and construction of the apparatus in a so-called flat form of construction:
A tank (1) is divided into two electrolysis chambers (4)(5) by a separation wall (2) and a diaphragm (3), where is placed respectively an anode (6) and a cathode (7).
The liquid or suspension (8) to be treated is pumped into the tank (1) by means of a pump (9), after having been added ne
REFERENCES:
patent: 3788967 (1974-01-01), Kawahata
patent: 4248682 (1981-02-01), Lindstrom et al.
patent: 4319973 (1982-03-01), Porta
patent: 4345986 (1982-08-01), Korach
patent: 4627897 (1986-12-01), Tetzlaff et al.
patent: 4784735 (1988-11-01), Sorenson
patent: 4909912 (1990-03-01), Oda
Mee Brendan
Niebling John
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