Power plants – Combustion products used as motive fluid – Combustion products generator
Patent
1980-06-25
1982-12-28
Casaregola, Louis J.
Power plants
Combustion products used as motive fluid
Combustion products generator
F02C 500
Patent
active
043654720
DESCRIPTION:
BRIEF SUMMARY
FIELD OF THE INVENTION
This invention relates to improvements in an internal-combustion turbine engine.
BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION
Piston-type internal combustion engines involve marked vibrations attendant with the reciprocation of the piston and have the additional problem that the cylinder can not be thoroughly scavenged unless the exhaust valve is opened near the end of the combustion process an overlapping relation thereto, before the initiation of the exhaust or scavenging stroke. However, this prevents complete combustion of the fuel, contributing to reduced thermal efficiency.
Gas turbine engines are substantially free of the above problems encountered with piston-type engines since the combustion gas supplied from a combustor through a conduit is forced at a high velocity against a wheel provided with rows of blades over the entire periphery thereof to drive the wheel. However because the fuel must be continuously injected into the combustion chamber while the engine is in operation, the engine requires greater fuel consumption than piston-type engines. Additionally the necessity of supplying pressurized air to the combustor at a constant compression ratio at all times entails the problem of supplying a powerful blower and a special combustor.
SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION
The present invention is directed to a gas turbine engine comprising a rotary wheel having a row of impulse blades only on part of its circumference and a circular arc surface formed on the remaining portion of the circumference and in contact with a casing. A combustion chamber is disposed above the casing, and a nozzle is positioned communicating with the combustion chamber and having its forward end opening in the direction of a tangent to the periphery of the rotary wheel, whereby only when the row of blades on the rotary wheel passes the orifice of the nozzle, will the charge be exploded in the combustion chamber, causing the combustion gas to impinge directly on the blades of the row to thereby drive the rotary wheel by the impact.
The rotary shaft of the rotary wheel is provided with bladed plates arranged in parallel to the rotary wheel and having second and subsequent rows of blades, such as reaction blades, in phase with the first row of blades, with a row of guide blades interposed between each two adjacent rows of blades and attached to the casing so that the energy of motion and pressure of the exhaust gas forced out from the nozzle and released from the first row of blades is effectively utilized by the second and subsequent rows of blades.
The casing is formed with an air inlet for supplying fresh air to the row of blades on the rotary wheel to remove the exhaust gas from the row of blades and burn the unburned component of the combustion gas from the nozzle among the blades by secondary combustion.
With the present invention, the force of explosion of the combustion gas produced in the combustion chamber acts directly on the blades of the rotary wheel to drive the wheel, giving an exceedingly greater torque than conventional gas turbines in which the combustion gas is conducted from the combustor to a rotary bladed wheel through a duct. The larger the radius of the rotary wheel, the greater is the torque available. Since the combustion chamber is adapted for the same cycle as two-cycle ignition engines involving scavenging, injection of fuel, ignition and combustion but does not effect continued combustion unlike gas turbines, the engine of the invention achieves savings in fuel consumption. Moreover, with fresh air supplied to the spaces between the blades through the air inlet to scavenge the row of blades of the exhaust gas, the unburned component of the gas from the nozzle can be completely burned among the blades of the row, consequently inhibiting air pollution and eliminating objectionable afterburning.
Additional objects, advantages and novel features of the invention will be set forth in part in the description which follows, and in part will become apparent to those skilled in the art upon examinatio
REFERENCES:
patent: 2370217 (1945-02-01), Wright
patent: 2405190 (1946-08-01), Darling
patent: 2416942 (1947-03-01), Newcomer
patent: 2444213 (1948-06-01), Weeks
patent: 3156093 (1964-11-01), Chapman
patent: 3650105 (1972-03-01), Toye
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