Pipes and tubular conduits – Flexible – Braided – interlaced – knitted or woven
Patent
1999-03-30
2000-12-12
Hook, James
Pipes and tubular conduits
Flexible
Braided, interlaced, knitted or woven
138124, 138127, 169 56, 169 16, 169 19, 222 54, F16L 1110
Patent
active
061584762
DESCRIPTION:
BRIEF SUMMARY
The invention relates to a pipe or a hose, primarily for fire protection purposes, that can withstand extreme heat flux densities.
In the case of fire, different high heat flux densities occur together with high temperatures, depending on the nature of the fire. In the case of a difficult fire that involves the combustion of solid fuels, so-called cellulosic fire, the temperature in the region of the fire increases continuously and will be about 900.degree. C. after 60 minutes, about 1050.degree. C. after 120 minutes and a highest temperature of about 1150.degree. C. will be reached after 240 minutes. The heat flux density that prevails at the same time is, on average, about 60 kW/m.sup.2, and a maximum heat flux density of about 100 kW/m.sup.2 can be reached. In hydrocarbon pool fires or the like, the temperature rises much more rapidly and a maximum temperature of about 1150.degree. C. will be reached after 20 minutes. The heat flux density is much higher than in the case of cellulose fires, on average about 200 kW/m.sup.2, with a highest peak of about 225 kW/m.sup.2. The worst type of fire is the so-called jet fire, which may occur when natural gas and different condensates burn under high pressure, such as in natural gas reservoirs, either offshore or on land. Offshore platforms and corresponding installations on land can be the subject of such fires and such fires have, unfortunately, occurred with catastrophic consequences and the loss of many lives. In the case of jet fires, the temperature rises very quickly (10-15 seconds) to a magnitude of 1300-1400.degree. C., at which the fire has a typical heat flux density of 360 kW/m.sup.2 which is limited up to about 500 kW/m.sup.2.
Against this background, the recovery of oil and gas offshore and on land places very high demands on fire safety and fire protection, and offshore platforms are thus equipped with advanced sprinkler systems based on pumping large volumes of water from the sea, said systems having branches in all parts of the platforms. Present-day traditional sprinkler systems are often constructed from different steel qualities, although trial have been run with other, more corrosion-resistant materials, such as high-alloy acid-proof steel of type SMO, or expensive metals such as titanium and alloys of Cu-Ni, because of corrosion problems caused by aggressive sea water due to its high salt content.
All metallic materials that can be used in practice, however, have limited corrosion resistance. Furthermore, such metallic materials and alloys are also extremely expensive, primarily because the raw material prices for said metals or said alloy components are high. Because the costs of producing and assembling components made from such materials is also high, a different material that also has greater resistance to corrosion is highly desired.
Various plastic materials, such as fibreglass reinforced epoxy resins, have achieved a certain amount of use in a number of pipe systems in the oil and gas industry, for instance on offshore platforms and in similar environments. Although plastic pipes are, in themselves, competitive from the cost aspect, they need to be treated and handled very carefully and very accurately when being installed, and require comprehensive fire insulation even for the simplest use in offshore installations and in similar fields. This results, instead, in very high installation, servicing and maintenance costs. Naturally, the resistance of these materials to jet fires also varies greatly, although it can be said generally that the greater the resistance to jet fires the more comprehensive the additional protective measures that must be made, with an associated weight increase and higher costs for the pipe systems.
One requirement of a sprinkler system or any other pipe system intended for fire protection purposes is that it is capable of transporting the liquid to be distributed to the site or sites of a fire while maintaining the pressure and volume generated by the pumps at least substantially. This function enables the spri
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Hook James
Trelleborg Viking AS
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