Heat exchange – Regenerator – Checker brick structure
Patent
1990-10-12
1992-11-10
Flanigan, Allen J.
Heat exchange
Regenerator
Checker brick structure
165103, 165160, 422201, F28F 1300
Patent
active
051616050
DESCRIPTION:
BRIEF SUMMARY
The invention is concerned with a tubular reactor according to the main concept of claim 1.
Such tubular reactors represent a frequently desired and many times unavoidable structural and operational form of large chemical reactors. They can be designed with parallel, radial, transverse flow or double-transverse flow heat-exchanger, where the main directional flow in the heat-exchanger, produced by components such as deflectors and/or distributor plates, is defined with respect to the reactor tubes. In all cases, the heat-exchange medium entering the reactor housing is forced so that a substantial part will follow a path first along the tube plate or separator plate. With increasing length of the respective transverse flow and with increasing temperature difference there between the reaction gas and heat-exchanger, the problem, that the portion of the heat-exchange medium that flows more or less directly along the tube plate or separating plate will be cooled down to an undesirably great extent, becomes more severe. This is understandable if one keeps in mind that, for example, the reaction gas entering there may have a temperature of 100.degree. or 150.degree. C., while the reaction temperature and, consequently the temperature of the heat exchanger, is 400.degree. C. The temperature differences between the various layers of the heat-exchanger that are produced by the disproportionately strong cooling mentioned above will remain to some extent even during the rest of the flow and will therefore lead to different temperatures and different temperature profiles at the individual contact tubes, and this may result in an adverse influence on yield and selectivity. An attempt to reduce these temperature differences by increasing the flow velocity of the heat-exchanger medium would result in a disproportionately large increase of pump performance and thus energy consumption.
Therefore, the task of the invention is to create a tubular reactor according to the main concept, in such a way that the temperatures and temperature profiles of the individual contact tubes can be kept approximately equal without this requiring a significant increase in pump power.
According to the invention, this task is solved by the characterizing part of claim 1. The Subclaims give further advantageous modes of execution.
The purpose of the by-pass channel is that, the portion of the heat-exchange medium which is cooled disproportionately strongly at the tube plate or separating plate near the inlet is guided directly to near the outlet region of the heat-exchange medium or at least to a point near to this within the reactor housing, by by-passing the contact tubes as well as other flow-conducting structural parts, such as deflector plates and distributor plates, and there its relatively low temperature is harmless or even desirable. For example, this area can be at the height of the hot spot and there again inside a deflector plate extending inward.
The construction of the by-pass channel according to the invention is simple. It requires a free space in the middle of the bank of tubes, but such a space is expedient anyway in the case of large reactors for flow-technological reasons, as presented in DE Patent 25 59 661.
Below, some modes of execution of the tubular reactors according to the invention will be described in more detail, with the aid of drawings.
FIG. 1 shows a vertical tubular reactor with cylindrical tubes, shown schematically as the longitudinal cross-section, with the reaction gas and heat-exchange medium entering at the lower end.
FIG. 2 is a similar representation of the tubular reactor with two groups of opposing tubes and double transverse flow of the heat-exchange medium.
FIGS. 3 and 4 each show a schematic cross-section of the reactor according to FIG. 2, approximately at the height of line A--A, with different designs of the by-pass channel and
FIG. 5 is again a similar representation to FIG. 1 of a tubular reactor with a cylindrical bank of tubes, whereby the space for the heat-exchanger in the reactor housing
REFERENCES:
patent: 1833611 (1931-11-01), Kirgan
patent: 2480675 (1949-08-01), Shaw et al.
patent: 4127389 (1978-11-01), Hackemesser et al.
Deggendorfer Werft und Eisenbau GmbH
Flanigan Allen J.
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