Drug – bio-affecting and body treating compositions – Preparations characterized by special physical form – Web – sheet or filament bases; compositions of bandages; or...
Reexamination Certificate
1999-04-14
2002-01-01
Clardy, S. Mark (Department: 1616)
Drug, bio-affecting and body treating compositions
Preparations characterized by special physical form
Web, sheet or filament bases; compositions of bandages; or...
C424S448000, C602S057000, C602S060000, C604S290000, C604S305000, C604S307000
Reexamination Certificate
active
06335031
ABSTRACT:
This invention relates to a pharmaceutical composition for systemic administration of a phenyl carbamate, e.g. by transdermal administration. In particular this invention relates to a pharmaceutical composition of the phenyl carbamate—(S)-N-ethyl-3-[1-dimethylamino)ethyl]-N-methyl-phenyl-carbamate—(hereinafter referred to as compound A) in free base or acid addition salt form as disclosed in published UK patent application GB 2 203 040, the contents of which are incorporated herein by reference.
Compound A is useful in inhibiting acetylcholinesterase in the central nervous system, e.g. for the treatment of Alzheimer's disease.
A transdermal composition in the form of a patch is described in Example 2 of GB 2,203,040 according to which compound A is mixed with two polymers and a plasticiser to form a viscous mass. This mass is applied to a foil which is cut into patches.
It has now been found after exhaustive testing that compound A is susceptible to degradation, particularly in the presence of oxygen. The transdermal composition described in GB 2203040 has been found to degrade, possibly by oxidative degradation, despite the formation of an occlusive polymer matrix around compound A and its storage in air-tight packaging.
The present applicant has found that stable pharmaceutical compositions comprising compound A can now be obtained, which show insignificant degradation of compound A over a prolonged time period, e.g. 2 years, as indicated by standard tests, e.g. stress tests.
In one aspect, the invention provides a pharmaceutical composition comprising Compound A in free base or acid addition salt form and an anti-oxidant.
The pharmaceutical compositions of the present invention show a reduction in degradation by-products in stress stability tests.
The pharmaceutical compositions of the invention may contain high amounts of compound A, e.g. from 1 to 40% by weight, e.g. 10-35%, more particularly 20-35%, e.g. 30%.
The compound A may be in any of a wide variety of pharmaceutical diluents and carriers known in the art. The diluent or carrier may contain trace amounts of free radicals without affecting the stability of the pharmaceutical composition of the invention.
The diluent or carrier is preferably one or more polymers, more preferably a hydrophilic polymer or polymers. In a preferred embodiment the diluent of carrier is selected from at least one polymer selected from acrylate polymers, and polymethacrylate polymers. The polymers preferably have a mean molecular weight of from about 50,000 to about 300,000 Daltons, e.g. 100,000 to 200,000 Daltons. The polymers preferably are capable of forming a film, thus to be compatible to the skin.
As a polymer one can mention in particular an acrylate co-polymer, e.g. co-polymers of butyl acrylate, ethyl hexyl acrylate and vinyl acetate. Preferably the polymer is cross-linked. A preferred acrylate polymer is one of the Durotak brand available from National Starch and Chemical Company, Zutphen, Holland, e.g. Durotak 87-2353 (hereinafter polymer A), 387-2051 or 387-2052 (hereinafter polymer D).
The diluent or carrier is preferably present in an amount of up to 90%, more preferably 70% by weight base on the total weight of the pharmaceutical composition.
The polymer, when a hydrophilic polymer, may conveniently take up water and is permeable to water, e.g. moisture from the skin, although the polymer may be insoluble in water. The polymer may swell and provide release of a large amount of pharmacologically active agent leading to a high concentration gradient of pharmacologically active agent between the skin surface and stratum comeum at a pH of from 4 to 7, preferably at skin pH, e.g. around 5.5. If desired such polymers may be soluble in organic solvents.
Examples of suitable polymers include polyacrylamide and its co-polymers, polyvinylpyrrolidone (PVP), vinyl acetate/vinyl alcohol co-polymers, polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) and derivatives, ethyl cellulose and other cellulose and starch derivatives.
Hydrophilic polyacrylates are preferred polymers. The polyacrylate may be substituted, e.g. a methacrylate. They may be commercially available acrylate/methacrylate co-polymers. Some or all of the acid groups may be esterified, e.g. with alkyl (C
1-10
) groups, more particularly alkyl groups having 1 to 4 carbon atoms such as methyl or ethyl groups.
Examples of commercially available polymers of this type include:
1) Polymers of methacrylate containing alkyl (C
1-4
) ester groups. Preferably the polymer matrix is a mixture of an acrylate polymer and a methacrylate polymer e.g. in a weight ratio of from 5:1 to 1:1, e.g. 4:1 to 2:1 e.g. 3:1, e.g. butylmethylacrylate and methylmethylacrylate. MW 20000, e.g. Plastoid B from Röhm, Darmstadt, Germany (hereinafter polymer B).
2) Polymers of acrylate and methacrylate esters containing methyl and ethyl neutral ester groups and trimethylaminoethyl cationic ester groups. Chloride ions may be present. Mean Molecular weight 150000 Daltons. Viscosity (20° C.), maximum 15 cP. Refractive index 1.380-1.385. Density 0.815-0.835 g/cm
3
. Ratio of cationic ester groups to neutral alkyl groups 1:20 giving an alkali count of 28.1 mg KOH per gram polymer (Eudragit RL 100 Registered Trade Mark available from Röhm) or 1:40 giving an alkali count of 15.2 mg KOH per gram polymer (Eudragit RS 100 Registered Trade Mark, also available from Röhm).
3) Polymers of methacrylate esters containing trimethylaminoethyl cationic ester groups and other neutral (C
1-4
)alkyl ester groups. Chloride ions may be present. Mean molecular weight 150,000. Viscosity (20° C.) 10 cP. Refractive Index 1.38. Density 0.815. Alkali number of 180 mg KOH per gram polymer (Eudragit E 100, Registered Trade Mark, also available from Röhm and hereinafter referred to a polymer C).
If desired the pharmaceutical composition may contain other additives, such as plasticizers and/or softeners preferably skin compatible tensides, e.g. to provide flexibility to the pharmaceutical composition, and/or to dissolve partially or totally compound A.
Examples of additives include:
1) Polyoxyethylene fatty alcohol ethers. The alcohol may e.g. be a C
12-18
alcohol. The HLB value may be e.g. from 10 to 18. A preferred example is polyoxyethylene-(10) oleyl ether. A suitable ether may have a viscosity (25° C.) of about 100 cP, a solidification point of about 16° C., an HLB value of 12.4 and an acid count maximum 1.0 (Brij 97 Registered Trade Mark available from Atlas Chemie, Germany).
2) Polyoxyethylene Sorbitan fatty acid esters. The fatty acid may be e.g. a C
12-18
fatty acid. The HLB value may be e.g. from 10 to 18. A preferred example is polyoxyethylene-(20) sorbitan monooleate, e.g. Tween 80, Registered Trade Mark available from Atlas Chemie, Germany.
3) Polyoxyethylene-(5-40) stearic acid esters, e.g. Myrj (Registered Trade Mark) available from Atlas Chemie, Germany.
4) Polyoxyethylene glycol fatty alcohol ethers, e.g. polyethylene glycol-(6-25) cetyl ether, glycerin polyethylene ricinoleate, glycerin polyethylene glycol stearate (Cremophor brand, Registered Trade Mark available from BASF Germany).
5) Polyoxyethylene glycols of MW from 200 to 600 Daltons, e.g. 300 or 400 Daltons.
6) Esters of poly(2-7)ethylene glycol glycerol ether having at least one hydroxyl group and an aliphatic (C
6-22
) carboxylic acid, e.g. Polyethylene glycol-(7) glyceryl cocoate, e.g. Cetiol HE, Registered Trade Mark, from Henkel, Germany.
7) Adipic acid lower alkyl esters, e.g. di-n-butyl adipate and diisopropyl adipate.
8) Glycerin polyethylene glycol ricinoleate, e.g. Product of 35 moles ethylene oxide and castor oil, e.g. Brand Cremophor EL Registered Trade Mark, obtainable from BASF, Germany.
9) Tracetin-(1,2,3).
10) Fatty acid, e.g. a C
12-18
fatty acid.
11) Fatty alcohol, e.g. a C
12-18
fatty alcohol.
The amount and type of additive required may depend on a number of factors, e.g. the HLB value of the tenside and the flexibility of the pharmaceutical required. The amount of additive does not significantly influence the capability of the polyacrylate to form films.
Asmussen Bodo
Dinh Steven Minh
Gargiulo Paul M.
Horstmann Michael
Köpke Kai
Clardy S. Mark
Kalinchak Stephen G.
Novartis AG
Thallemer John D.
Williamson Michael A.
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