Chemistry of carbon compounds – Miscellaneous organic carbon compounds – C-metal
Patent
1990-06-27
1992-03-03
Dees, Jose G.
Chemistry of carbon compounds
Miscellaneous organic carbon compounds
C-metal
C11C 302
Patent
active
050930443
DESCRIPTION:
BRIEF SUMMARY
Quantitatively speaking, the most important nutrients in food for both the human and animal species are water, protein, carbohydrates and fats. The three last mentioned nutrients are burned in the body, therewith producing energy. The most important function of the protein, however, is not to provide an energy source, but to provide the body with amino acids for building-up and retaining body proteins. Carbohydrates and fat, on the other hand, function mainly as energy sources. Only a small part have significance in building-up different functional parts of body tissues. In addition to fats and carbohydrates, there are a number of other substances which can be burned by the body and therewith provide a not insignificant energy boost. Such substances include ethyl alcohol and sugar alcohols, such as sorbitol, xylitol and glycerol.
In the metabolism of the body, there are synthesized from carbohydrates and fats a number of metabolites which undergo further oxidation and therewith produce varying amounts of energy. Examples of such metabolites are pyruvic acid (.alpha.-ketopropionic acid), lactic acid (.alpha.-hydroxy propionic acid), acetic acid (.beta.-keto butyric acid) and .beta.-hydroxy butyric acid. The two latter metabolites are known as ketone bodies. They are formed in large quantities in conjunction with states of starvation. Ketone bodies are formed from acetate groups derived from the decomposition of the fatty acids via .beta.-oxidation. Further oxidation of the ketone bodies, and therewith the production of energy, diminishes the glucose requirement of several tissues. This results, in turn, in a reduction in the production of glucose from amino acids obtained by degradation of body protein (gluconeogenesis). The formation and oxidation of ketone bodies thus results in a decrease in the loss of the valuable body protein and in a protein-saving effect. This contributes in prolonging survival under starvation conditions. Another effect ascribed to ketone bodies is the suppression of hunger sensations under starvation conditions. The metabolic changes caused by the formation of ketone bodies in conjunction with starvation of otherwise healthy individuals is generally considered as beneficial.
In the case of starvation or undernourishment associated with difficult traumatic states, burns, etc., the metabolic reaction is different. In situations such as these, the organism loses large quantities of the valuable body proteins, while at the same time the formation of ketone bodies is non-existent or negligible. Several authors have considered this to be strongly detrimental to the organism. Certain authors thus consider that the poor formation of ketone bodies is one explanation of the radical breakdown of body proteins in the case of traumatic injuries. In conditions such as these, it would be desirable to reduce the decomposition of body protein to the lowest possible level.
Many attempts have been made and many discussions held with the intention of finding a method of introducing these ketone bodies and similar compounds into the system, so as, if possible, to influence the metabolism and achieve a protein-saving effect, primarily in respect of trauma. It has also been assumed that a protein-saving effect of this nature would be beneficial in so-called slimming diets. A low-calorie diet which contains ketone bodies would be beneficial from two aspects. A first aspect is that the protein-saving effect of the ketone bodies would counteract the loss of body proteins that normally occurs when the food imbibed provides less energy. If this theory is correct, if would therefore be possible to provide a calorie-lean food or diet in which the fat depots of the body would be reduced without the loss of valuable body protein in the muscle, liver, blood etc. The other benefit afforded by the use of ketone bodies in slimming diets resides in the resultant suppression of hunger sensations. The person concerned would then be able to control his/her food intake more readily and maintain it at a desirable low leve
REFERENCES:
patent: 4665057 (1987-05-01), Nelson et al.
patent: 4701443 (1987-10-01), Nelson et al.
Ajaxon Bengt
Wretlind Arvid
Carr Deborah D.
Dees Jos,e G.
Kabivitrum AB
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