Explosive and thermic compositions or charges – Containing inorganic nitrogen-oxygen salt – Ammonium nitrate
Reexamination Certificate
2002-06-14
2003-08-05
Raymond, Richard L. (Department: 1624)
Explosive and thermic compositions or charges
Containing inorganic nitrogen-oxygen salt
Ammonium nitrate
C149S076000, C149S119000, C544S179000
Reexamination Certificate
active
06602366
ABSTRACT:
BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION
1. Field of the Invention
The present invention pertains to novel high nitrogen content, low carbon content energetic compounds. More particularly, the present invention pertains to triazolyl-tetrazinyl-aminotriazine compounds, and complexes and salts thereof. The triazolyl-tetrazinyl-aminotriazine compounds, and their complexes and salts, of the present invention are particularly useful as energetic ingredients for use in pyrotechnics, most particularly smokeless pyrotechnics. The low-smoke pyrotechnic compositions of the present invention may include metal salts together with or added separately into the pyrotechnic composition.
2. Brief Description of the Related Art
Specialized events and amusement parks often exhibit fireworks. These fireworks result from pyrotechnic compositions generally employing a large variety of colorants. However, the smoke resulting from large quantities of burning pyrotechnics may become a nuisance for any spectators in the area, such as obstructing the view to the fireworks or irritating the eyes and throats of the people in the audience.
Fireworks generally employ an initial burst and a main burst mechanism. The main burst includes color-producing pellets, or “stars”, which ignite during the main burst detonation to provide the light and color of a fireworks display. Firework composition have been described in such patents as U.S. Pat. No. 6,312,537 to Hiskey et al., entitled “Low-Smoke Pyrotechnic Compositions” which in part identifies a low-smoke pyrotechnic composition of dihydrazino-s-tetrazine, its derivatives and salts with an oxidizing agent and colorant. Hiskey et al. describes known colorants in pyrotechnics to include cupric oxide, barium nitrate, strontium nitrate and the like, as well as those described in U.S. Pat. No. 5,682,014 to Highsmith et al. The disclosures of these two patents are herein incorporated by reference.
It is an object of the present invention to provide novel triazolyl-tetrazinyl-aminotriazine compounds, and the complexes and salts thereof in pyrotechnic compositions, particularly low-smoke compositions used in fireworks.
SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION
The present invention includes a pyrotechnic composition comprising a compound having the chemical structure:
wherein Z
+
comprises H
+
or a cation; R comprises a complexing component; and m=1, 2 or 3; n=0, 1, 2 or 3; x=0, 1, 2 or 3; and t=0 or 1. The structure provides the complex and forms of triazolyl-tetrazinyl-aminotriazine.
The present invention also includes a method of making a pyrotechnic composition comprising a triazolyl-tetrazinyl-aminotriazine compound comprising the steps of providing a triazolyl-triaminotriazine precursor and diazotizing the precursor to form the triazolyl-tetrazinyl-aminotriazine, or derivative thereof.
The present invention further includes a pyrotechnic composition comprising a triazolyl-tetrazinyl-aminotriazine compound.
DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION
The present invention includes novel triazolyl-tetrazinyl-aminotriazine compounds, and the complexes and salts thereof, that are particularly useful in pyrotechnic compositions with special applicability in fireworks compositions. The fireworks compositions of the present invention are characterized as low-smoke compositions and can be formulated to be essentially smoke-free. Low smoke compositions have decreasing amounts of residual smoke after pyrotechnic bum that are operationally and commercially useful. The triazolyl-tetrazinyl-aminotriazine compounds, and their complexes and salts, provide a high-nitrogen content, low-carbon content energetic material as a principal component within the pyrotechnic composition.
The present invention includes a pyrotechnic composition comprising a compound having the chemical structure:
wherein Z
+
comprises H
+
or a cation; R comprises a complexing component; and m=1, 2 or 3; n=0, 1, 2 or 3; x=0, 1, 2 or 3; and t=0 or 1.
The complex form of the triazolyl-tetrazinyl-aminotriazine occurs when Z
+
comprises H
+
, and the value of x is not 0. The complex form include the hydrogen attached to a nitrogen atom in the tetrazinyl ring (see e.g. Example 19B). Complexes of the present invention include, for example, R=Dihydrazino-s-tetrazine, Trihydrazino-s-triazine, 5-Aminotetrazole, N-aminotriazoles, and bis-(1(2)H-tetrazol-5-yl)-amine.
The pyrotechnic compositions herein include metal and non-metal triazolyl-tetrazinyl-aminotriazine compound salts. In one particular embodiment, preferably m=n.
In addition to a complex or salt structure of the triazolyl-tetrazinyl-aminotriazine compound, a useful structure of the triazolyl-tetrazinyl-aminotriazine compound in pyrotechnic compositions includes Z
+
being H
+
, t=1, m=1, n=1, and x=0. When Z
+
comprises H
+
, and m and n are both equal to 1, the calculated heat of formation is approximately 255 kcal/mole (gas phase), and a density of approximately 1.77 g/cc (calcd) which provides significant energy to the pyrotechnic composition.
The Z
+
component of the triazolyl-tetrazinyl-aminotriazine compound preferably comprises a cation. As a salt, the compound may be selected from a large number and/or variety of cations as suitable for any particular pyrotechnic. Suitable cations of the present invention include those appropriate to provide color displays from combusting fireworks, particularly metals or amine salts. Metals of the present invention may include, without limitation sodium (Na), cobalt (Co), copper (Cu), aluminum (Al), nickel (Ni), barium (Ba), strontium (Sr), calcium (Ca), potassium (K), iron (Fe), titanium (Ti), magnesium (Mg), antimony (Sb) and the like. Additionally, typical amine salts may include compounds with Z
+
being, without limitation, H
2
NC(NH
2
)NHCONH
2
, C(NHNH
2
)
3
, NH
2
NH
3
, NH
4
, H
2
NNHC(NH
2
)NH
2
, (H
2
NNH)
2
C(NH
2
), C(NH
2
)
3
, (HONH
3
), and bis(1(2)H-tetrazol-5-yl)-amine (C
2
H
4
N
9
), the monohydrate of bis(1(2)H-tetrazol-5-yl)-amine (C
2
H
4
N
9
.H
2
O). Ignition or combustion of Z
+
of the present invention preferably results in a color, however, additional salts and other compositions maybe added in combination with the triazolyl-tetrazinyl-aminotriazine compounds to form the pyrotechnic compositions, as later described. Use of the metal salts of the triazolyl-tetrazinyl-aminotriazine compounds as colorants within the pyrotechnic compositions may generally include the metals conventionally used in pyrotechnic compositions. For example, strontium, barium, copper, and iron salts of triazolo-tetrazino-aminotriazine compounds, and salts thereof, can be expected to yield red, blue, green, yellow, purple, red-purple, and blue-green colorants.
The following structures exemplify non-limiting examples of possible salts for use in the pyrotechnic compositions of the present invention:
The pyrotechnic composition generally includes the addition of an oxidant to fully consume the carbon and hydrogen components of the pyrotechnic compositions during burning. Suitable oxidizers can generally include, without limitation, one or more alkaline earth metal nitrates, alkaline earth metal nitrites, alkali metal nitrates, alkali metal nitrites, transition metal oxides, such as ammonium perchlorate, alkali perchlorates such as potassium perchlorate and the like, ammonium nitrate, and alkali nitrates such as potassium nitrate and the like, or combinations thereof. Examples of the oxidizer include at least one of an alkali metal or an alkaline earth metal nitrate, a complex salt nitrate, such as Ce(NH
4
)
2
(NO
3
)
6
or ZrO(NO
3
)
2
, a dried, hydrated nitrate, such as Ca(NO
3
)
2
.4H
2
O or Cu(NO
3
)
2
.2.5 H
2
O, silver nitrate, an alkali or alkaline earth chlorate or perchlorate, ammonium perchlorate, a nitrite of sodium, potassium, or silver. Additionally, organic compositions such as a solid organic nitrate, nitrite, or amine, such as guanidine nitrate, nitroguanidine and
Koppes William M.
Sitzmann Michael E.
Balasubramanian Venkataraman
Homer Mark
Raymond Richard L.
The United States of America as represented by the Secretary of
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