Tri-aryl-substituted-ethane PDE4 inhibitors

Details Tri-aryl-substituted-ethane PDE4 inhibitors Tri-aryl-substituted-ethane PDE4 inhibitors

2002-03-29

2003-10-28

Morris, Patricia L. (Department: 1625)

Organic compounds -- part of the class 532-570 series

Organic compounds

Heterocyclic carbon compounds containing a hetero ring...

Reexamination Certificate

active

06639077

ABSTRACT:

BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION
1. Field of the Invention
The present invention is directed to compounds that are tri-aryl substituted ethanes. In particular, this invention is directed to ethanes substituted with i) a phenyl, ii) a thiazole, and iii) a pyridyl moiety which are phosphodiesterase-4 inhibitors.
2. Related Background
Hormones are compounds that variously affect cellular activity. In many respects, hormones act as messengers to trigger specific cellular responses and activities. Many effects produced by hormones, however, are not caused by the singular effect of just the hormone. Instead, the hormone first binds to a receptor, thereby triggering the release of a second compound that goes on to affect the cellular activity. In this scenario, the hormone is known as the first messenger while the second compound is called the second messenger. Cyclic adenosine monophosphate (adenosine 3′, 5′-cyclic monophosphate, “cAMP” or “cyclic AMP”) is known as a second messenger for hormones including epinephrine, glucagon, calcitonin, corticotrophin, lipotropin, luteinizing hormone, norepinephrine, parathyroid hormone, thyroid-stimulating hormone, and vasopressin. Thus, cAMP mediates cellular responses to hormones. Cyclic AMP also mediates cellular responses to various neurotransmitters.
Phosphodiesterases (“PDE”) are a family of enzymes that metabolize 3′, 5′ cyclic nucleotides to 5′ nucleoside monophosphates, thereby terminating cAMP second messenger activity. A particular phosphodiesterase, phosphodiesterase-4 (“PDE4”, also known as “PDE-IV”), which is a high affinity, cAMP specific, type IV PDE, has generated interest as potential targets for the development of novel anti-asthmatic and anti-inflammatory compounds. PDE4 is known to exist as at lease four isoenzymes, each of which is encoded by a distinct gene. Each of the four known PDE4 gene products is believed to play varying roles in allergic and/or inflammatory responses. Thus, it is believed that inhibition of PDE4, particularly the specific PDE4 isoforms that produce detrimental responses, can beneficially affect allergy and inflammation symptoms. It would be desirable to provide novel compounds and compositions that inhibit PDE4 activity.
Inhibition of PDE4 activity is believed effective for the treatment of osteoporosis by reducing bone loss. For example, Ken-ici Miyamoto et al., Biochem. Pharmacology, 54:613-617(1997) describes the effect of a PDE4 on bone loss. Therefore, it would be desirable to provide novel compounds and compositions that inhibit PDE4 activity.
A major concern with the use of PDE4 inhibitors is the side effect of emesis which has been observed for several candidate compounds as described in C. Burnouf et al., (“Burnouf”),
Ann. Rep. In Med. Chem.,
33:91-109(1998). B. Hughes et al.,
Br. J. Pharmacol.,
118: 1183-1191(1996); M. J. Perry et al.,
Cell Biochem. Biophys.,
29:113-132(1998); S. B.Christensen et al.,
J. Med. Chem.,
41:821-835(1998); and Burnouf describe the wide variation of the severity of the undesirable side effects exhibited by various compounds. As described in M. D. Houslay et al.,
Adv. In Pharmacol.,
44:225-342(1998) and D. Spina et al.,
Adv. In Pharmacol.,
44:33-89(1998), there is great interest and research of therapeutic PDE4 inhibitors.
U.S. Pat. Nos. 5,622,977, 5,710,160, 5,710,170, 5,798,373, 5,849,770, and International Patent Publication No. WO 99/50262 describe tri-substituted aryl derivative PDE IV inhibitors, including tri-aryl ethane derivatives.
Compounds that include ringed systems are described by various investigators as effective for a variety of therapies and utilities. For example, International Patent Publication No. WO 98/25883 describes ketobenzamides as calpain inhibitors, European Patent Publication No. EP 811610 and U.S. Pat. Nos. 5,679,712, 5,693,672 and 5,747,541 describe substituted benzoylguanidine sodium channel blockers, U.S. Pat. No. 5,736,297 describes ring systems useful as a photosensitive composition. International Patent Publication WO9422852 describes quinolines as PDE4 inhibitors.
U.S. Pat. Nos. 5,491,147, 5,608,070, 5,739,144, 5,776,958, 5,780,477, 5,786,354, 5,859,034, 5,866,593, 5,891,896, and International Patent Publication WO 95/35283 describe PDE4 inhibitors that are tri-substituted aryl or heteroaryl phenyl derivatives. U.S. Pat. No. 5,580,888 describes PDE4 inhibitors that are styryl derivatives. U.S. Pat. No. 5,550,137 describes PDE4 inhibitors that are phenylaminocarbonyl derivatives. U.S. Pat. No. 5,340,827 describes PDE4 inhibitors that are phenylcarboxamide compounds. U.S. Pat. No. 5,780,478 describes PDE4 inhibitors that are tetra-substituted phenyl derivatives. International Patent Publication WO 96/00215 describes substituted oxime derivatives useful as PDE4 inhibitors. U.S. Pat. No. 5,633,257 describes PDE4 inhibitors that are cyclo(alkyl and alkenyl)phenyl-alkenyl (aryl and heteroaryl) compounds.
However, there remains a need for novel compounds and compositions that therapeutically inhibit PDE4 with minimal side effects.
SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION
The present invention is directed to novel tri-aryl substituted ethanes. In particular, this invention is directed to ethanes substituted with i) a phenyl, ii) a thiazole, and iii) a pyridyl moiety which are phosphodiesterase-4 inhibitors. This invention also provides a pharmaceutical composition which includes an effective amount of the novel tri-aryl substituted ethanes and a pharmaceutically acceptable carrier. This invention further provides a method of treatment in mammals of, for example, asthma, chronic bronchitis, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), eosinophilic granuloma, psoriasis and other benign or malignant proliferative skin diseases, endotoxic shock (and associated conditions such as laminitis and colic in horses), septic shock, ulcerative colitis, Crohn's disease, reperfusion injury of the myocardium and brain, inflammatory arthritis, chronic glomerulonephritis, atopic dermatitis, urticaria, adult respiratory distress syndrome, infant respiratory distress syndrome, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease in animals, diabetes insipidus, allergic rhinitis, allergic conjunctivitis, vernal conjunctivitis, arterial restenosis, ortherosclerosis, atherosclerosis, neurogenic inflammation, pain, cough, rheumatoid arthritis, ankylosing spondylitis, transplant rejection and graft versus host disease, hypersecretion of gastric acid, bacterial, fungal or viral induced sepsis or septic shock, inflammation and cytokine-mediated chronic tissue degeneration, osteoarthritis, cancer, cachexia, muscle wasting, depression, memory impairment, tumour growth, cancerous invasion of normal tissues, osteoporosis, and bone loss by the administration of an effective amount of the novel ethanes substituted with i) a phenyl, ii) a thiazole, and iii) a pyridyl moiety which are phosphodiesterase-4 inhibitors.
DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION
A compound of this invention is represented by Formula (I):
or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, wherein
R
1
is C
1-6
alkyl or C
3-6
cycloalkyl, optionally substituted with 1-4 independent halogen;
R
2
is C
1-6
alkyl, C
2-6
alknenyl, C
2-6
alkynyl, C
3-6
cycloalkyl, or —C
1-6
alkylC
3-6
cycloalkyl, optionally substituted with 1-4 independent halogen;
R
3
is C
1-4
alkyl, C
3-6
cycloalkyl, heteroaryl, or phenyl, any of which optionally substituted independently with 1-4 independent halogen or C
1-6
alkyl;
R
4
is H or C
1-4
alkyl, said alkyl optionally substituted with 1-4 independent halogen;
R
P
is H, halogen, nitrile, or a C
1-6
alkyl group, said alkyl optionally substituted with 1-4 independent halogen;
n is 0 or 1; and
when R
3
and R
4
are connected to each other through X, then R
3
and R
4
are each C
1
alkyl, and X is C
0-4
alkyl.
According to one aspect, a compound of this invention is represented by formula (I) or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, wherein
R
1
is C
1-6
alkyl, optionally substituted with 1-4 independent halogen;
R
2
is C
1-6
alkyl or C
3-6
cycloalkyl, opt

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