Liquid purification or separation – With gas-liquid surface contact means – With separator
Patent
1995-10-12
1997-04-01
Wyse, Thomas G.
Liquid purification or separation
With gas-liquid surface contact means
With separator
2101951, 210218, 210262, C02F 330, C02F 1104
Patent
active
056162413
DESCRIPTION:
BRIEF SUMMARY
BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION
1. Field of the Invention
This invention relates generally to the management and treatment of wastewater and wastewater sludges, and is more particularly concerned with anaerobic treatment wherein the sludge is conditioned and recycled to the anaerobic reactor, or directed to dewatering and drying.
2. Description of the Prior Art
Many biological technologies have been first applied to wastewater treatment, and later used in other applications, sometimes related to the environmental technologies. Wastewater management and treatment methods and apparatuses are described in literature, for example, in the following sources: Charles Geyer and Daniel Alexander Okun, John Wiley & Sons, 1958; Pergamon Press, 1961; Kastalsky and D. M. Mints, Publishing House Higher Education, Moscow, 1962 (Russian); Publishing House Stroyizdat, Moscow, 1971 (Russian); 1971; pp. 107-112, September 1974, pp. 123-126, October 1974, pp. 91-94, November 1974, pp. 95-99, December 1974; Manufacturing by F. V. Porutsky, Moscow, Publishing House Khimiya, 1975 (Russian); McCarty, McGraw-Hill, 1978; Tchobanoglous, McGraw-Hill, 1979; Prentice Hall, 1980; 1980; Marcel Dekker, Inc., 1980; G. Rich, McGraw-Hill Book Company, 1980; Karyukhina, Stroyizdat, Moscow, 1980 (Russian); Samokhin and Boris M. Khudenko, Allerton Press, New York, 1986; 1988 (Russian); Stroyizdat, Sankt Peterburg, 1988; Yu. M. Laskov, Yu. V. Vorononv, Publishing House Stroyizdat, Moscow, 1990 (Russian); Wastes Edited by Joseph F. Malina and Frederick G. Pohland, Technomic Publishing Co., 1992.
Various fundamental and practical aspects of the relevant water and wastewater management and treatment processes are described in the above listed sources. These data are also applicable to other processes, for example, conversion of solid and liquid waste and other materials into biogas and biological fertilizers and soil augmentation substances.
The generally accepted wastewater management method comprises steps of collecting wastewater in a system of pipes and channels, transporting it by these pipes and channels to a treatment works, treating it at the said treatment works, discharging the treated effluent into natural bodies of water or on land, or reusing it for water supplies.
The existing wastewater management systems have the following disadvantages: the bulk flow becomes acidified. Volatile and nonvolatile fatty acids are formed, and sulfates are substantially reduced to sulfides, while fatty acids are partially converted to methane. At the gas-water interface in the pipes, sulfuric acid is formed. Therefore, the processes in pipelines can only cause the formation of odorous, poisonous, ignitable and explosive gases, and corrosion of pipes. Similar problems occur at the front end of wastewater treatment plant. Sometimes odor problems may become severe.
Several methods for controlling anaerobic processes in the sewer networks have been used: providing oxidative environment, for example by ventilation of the pipes with air, or by addition of other oxidants; by depressing the growth of sulfate reducing organisms with chemicals effecting specific biochemical steps; or, by raising wastewater pH. All such measures add to the cost of wastewater management and are not focused on wastewater treatment. expensive to build and operate. Improvements to the wastewater treatment facilities is an ongoing process; however, these improvements are separate from the improvements in the collection and separation networks.
Several modifications of wastewater treatment processes have been developed: 1. aerobic (activated sludge process, lagoon systems, and biofiltration), 2. anaerobic (various attached and suspended growth processes), and 3. coupled anaerobic-aerobic systems. Modern biological treatment systems are used for removal of organics and suspended solids, and for control of nutrients. However, these processes do not achieve thorough removal of organics, especially when measured in COD or TOC units, and removals of nitrogen and phosphorous are marginal. The pri
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