Treatment of textile fibers

Details Treatment of textile fibers Treatment of textile fibers

1993-02-19

1994-12-27

Pianalto, Bernard

Coating processes

Direct application of electrical, magnetic, wave, or...

Polymerization of coating utilizing direct application of...

427221, 427222, 4272556, 427488, 427491, 427535, 427536, 427569, 427575, 427578, B05D 306

Patent

active

053764137

DESCRIPTION:

BRIEF SUMMARY
SUBJECT OF THE INVENTION

The present invention relates to the surface treatment of textile fibers by deposition of a film obtained by polymerization which makes it possible to impart to the fibers in particular antisoiling and antiwettability properties.
The present invention also relates to the device for implementing the process.
The present invention finally relates to the products obtained by the process, in particular fibers coated with a coating film obtained by polymerization.


DESCRIPTION OF THE PRIOR ART

The techniques of textile processing have assumed an essential role in the finishing operations in the industry of coverings for floors and/or walls. In particular, these techniques make it possible to obtain advantageous final properties such as anti-wettability or antisoiling.
It is known to finish textile coverings by using sprays of fluorinated resin which make it possible to "sheathe" the fibers making up the textile covering by deposition of resin, thus imparting to them an antiwettability character.
Nevertheless, this method does not give very satisfactory results. In fact, this spray deposition generates a heterogeneous treatment on the surface of the fibers.
Moreover, this type of coating has a poor resistance to the wear produced by traffic and therefore has a tendency to form cracks, thus making it possible for the agents responsible for stains to infiltrate between the resin layer and the fiber, thus rendering it impossible to remove stains from the covering.
The use of synthetic tannins (soil release) as an improving technique is also known, but it involves processes which are particularly cumbersome to use.
It has been proposed in the document EP-A-0 068 775 (TORAY INDUSTRIES) to improve the dyeing properties of a fabric by causing external irregularities (craters) of the surface fibers using a cold plasma. This document does not involve the use of a monomer and does not cause improvement in the properties targeted by the present invention.
A technique for producing layers of semiconductors on a substrate using a delocalized discharge (remote plasma) technique is known from the document U.S. Pat. No. 4,870,030 (MARKUNAS).
The process involves no polymerization of a monomer but relates to deposition of thin films using nonorganic precursors. The generator used is a 13.56 MHz RF (radio-frequency) generator and the process is noncontinuous.
The Remote Plasma Enhanced Chemical Vapor Deposition (RPECVD) technique for the deposition of metal films (tungsten, silicon, etc.) is described in IEEE ELECTRON DEVICE LETTERS, Vol. EDL-8, No. 9, September 1987, pp. 421-424, New York, U.S.; M. M. MOSLEHI et al.: "Formation of MOS gates by rapid thermal/microwave remote-plasma multiprocessing".
The deposition is assisted by intense illumination with a tungsten (UV) lamp and by substantial heating of the substrate (450.degree. to 1150.degree. C.). It does not apply to polymerization.
The use of discharge plasmas for polymerization has furthermore been described in H. V. Boenig, Fundamentals in plasma chemistry and technology, technomic pub. Co. Lancaster-Basel (1988); H. Yasuda, Plasma polymerization, Academic Press, N.Y. (1985); G. Akovali and N. Dilsiz, Polymer Eng. Sci., 30., 485, (1990).
None of these documents solves the basic problem of the invention which consists in imparting antisoiling or anti-wettability properties to fibers.
None proposes any solution for transposing to the industrial scale a process which would allow fibers to be treated at a sufficient speed from an economic point of view.
In fact, for a technique to be economically satisfactory, the lifetime of the active (excited) species and the volume which they occupy must be sufficient in order to allow the action of a treatment agent such as a monomer or a prepolymer at sufficiently high speeds. It is furthermore advisable to avoid destruction of the fibers or of the deposit formed by polymerization of the monomer.


AIMS OF THE INVENTION

The present invention aims to provide a process which allows the deposition of coating fi

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