Oscillators – Molecular or particle resonant type
Patent
1976-06-04
1977-10-18
Sikes, William L.
Oscillators
Molecular or particle resonant type
3132314, 3151112, H01S 322
Patent
active
040548465
ABSTRACT:
Preionization is achieved in transverse-discharge gaseous lasers by means of the Malter effect. In two embodiments, the preionization is achieved either with a metal electrode which is the cathode during preionization and then is the anode during the subsequent pumping phase, or by means of a separate set of preionization electrodes. These preionization cathodes are metal electrodes, such as aluminum or tantalum electrodes, exhibiting high secondary electron emission by the Malter effect. High-field electron emission from these preionization cathodes is inherently possible because of a thin insulating layer on the surface. This layer separates positive ions attracted to the surface from the conducting metal and thereby creates a very high field gradient over a very short distance. In a preferred embodiment, uniform initial ionization is created during the preionization phase of operation; and the excitation is supplied by an electric field which is lower than that required to sustain the discharge; and the active medium is enclosed in an optical waveguide free of interfering structure.
REFERENCES:
patent: 3815047 (1974-06-01), Smith et al.
patent: 3842365 (1974-10-01), Hundstad et al.
Schriever, R. L., Applied Physics Letters, May 1972, pp. 354-356.
Cohn et al., Applied Physics Letters, vol. 22, No. 4, Feb. 15, 1973, pp. 138-140.
Morrison et al., Physics Letters, vol. 40A, No. 5, Aug. 14, 1972, pp. 375-377.
Malter, L., Physical Review, vol. 50, July 1, 1936, pp. 48-58.
Smith Peter William
Wood, II Obert Reeves
Bell Telephone Laboratories Incorporated
Rasco Marcus S.
Sikes William L.
Torsiglieri Arthur J.
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