Multicellular living organisms and unmodified parts thereof and – Plant – seedling – plant seed – or plant part – per se – Higher plant – seedling – plant seed – or plant part
Patent
1997-06-12
2000-06-27
Nelson, Amy
Multicellular living organisms and unmodified parts thereof and
Plant, seedling, plant seed, or plant part, per se
Higher plant, seedling, plant seed, or plant part
800282, 800298, 800323, 8003232, A01H 500, C12N 1582
Patent
active
060809205
DESCRIPTION:
BRIEF SUMMARY
The present invention relates generally to novel approaches in generating transgenic plants exhibiting altered flower colour. More particularly, the present invention provides transgenic carnation plants and flowers cut therefrom exhibiting flower colouration not naturally associated with carnation plants. The present invention further contemplates methods for producing transgenic carnation plants with the altered flower colour.
Bibliographic details of the publications referred to in this specification are collected at the end of the description. Sequence Identity Numbers (SEQ ID NOs.) for the nucleotide sequences referred to in the specification are defined following the bibliography.
Throughout this specification, unless the context requires otherwise, the word "comprise", or variations such as "comprises" or "comprising", will be understood to imply the inclusion of a stated element or integer or group of elements or integers but not the exclusion of any other element or integer or group of elements or integers.
BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION
The rapidly increasing sophistication of recombinant DNA technology is greatly facilitating a broad spectrum of industrial processes from the horticultural to medical and allied health industries. The horticultural and related agricultural industries are particularly benefiting from the advances in recombinant DNA technology.
The floriculture industry in particular strives to develop new and different varieties of flowering plants, with improved characteristics ranging from disease and pathogen resistance to altered flower colour. Although classical breeding techniques have been used with some success, this approach has been limited by the constraints of a particular species' gene pool. It is rare, for example, for a single species to have a full spectrum of coloured varieties. Accordingly, substantial effort has been directed towards the use of recombinant DNA technology to generate transgenic plants exhibiting the desired characteristics.
The development of varieties of the major cutflower species such as carnation plants, for example, having flowers exhibiting a range of colours covering lilac, violet, purple and blue or various shades thereof, would offer a significant opportunity in both the cutflower and ornamental markets.
Flower colour is predominantly due to two types of pigment: flavonoids and carotenoids. Flavonoids contribute to a range of colours from yellow to red to blue. Carotenoids impart an orange or yellow tinge and are commonly the only pigment in yellow or orange flowers. The flavonoid molecules which make the major contribution to flow colour are the anthocyanins which are glycosylated derivatives or cyanidin, delphinidin, petunidin, peonidin, malvidin and pelargonidin, and are localised in the vacuole. The different anthocyanins can produce marked differences in colour. Flower colour is also influenced by co-pigmentation with colourless flavonoids, metal complexation, glycosylation, acylation, methylation and vacuolar pH (Forkmann, 1991).
The biosynthetic pathway for the flavonoid pigments (hereinafter referred to as the "flavonoid pathway") is well established (Ebel and Hahlbrock, 1988; Hahlbrock and Grisebach, 1979; Wiering and de Vlaming, 1984; Schram et al., 1984; Stafford, 1990). The first committed step in the pathway involves the condensation of three molecules of malonyl-CoA with one molecule of p-coumaroyl-CoA. This reaction is catalysed by the enzyme chalcone synthase (CHS). The product of this reaction, 2',4,4',6'-tetrahydroxychalcone, is normally rapidly isomerized to produce naringenin by the enzyme chalcone-flavanone isomerase (CHI). Naringenin is subsequently hydroxylated at the 3-position of the central ring by flavanone 3-hydroxylase (F3H) to produce dihydrokaempferol (DHK).
The B-ring of dihydrokaempferol (DHK) can be hydroxylated at either the 3', or both the 3' and 5' positions, to produce dihydroquercetin (DHQ) and dihydromyricetin (DHM), respectively (see FIG. 1). DHQ is an intermediate required for the production of cy
REFERENCES:
patent: 5410096 (1995-04-01), Meyer et al.
Webster's II Dictionary, p. 596, 1994.
Meyer et al. A new petunia flower colour generated by transformation of a mutant with a maize gene. Nature. 330(6149):677-678, Dec. 1987.
Holton, T.A. Modification of flower colour via manipulation of P450 gene expression in transgenic plants. Drug Metabolism and Drug Interactions. 12(3-4):359-368, 1995.
J.S.N. Oud et al. (1995)"Breeding of Transgenic orange Petunia hybrida varieties" Euphitica 84(3): 175-181.
P. Elomaa et al. (1994) "Modification of Flower Colour using Genetic Engineering" Biotechnol. Genet. Eng. Rev. 12: 79-81.
K. Stich et al. (1992) "Enzymatic conversion of dihydroflavonols to flavan-3,4-diols using flower extract of Dianthus caryophyllus L. (carnation)" Planta 187(1): 103-108.
G. Forkmann et al., (1987) "Distinct Substrate Specificity of Dihydroflavanol-4-Reductase from Flowers of Petunia hybrida" Z. Naturforsch, C: Biosci. 42: 1146-1148.
International Flower Developments Pty. Ltd.
Nelson Amy
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