Transfer device for the transfer of matter and/or heat from one

Details Transfer device for the transfer of matter and/or heat from one Transfer device for the transfer of matter and/or heat from one

1992-06-25

1993-07-27

Sever, Frank

Liquid purification or separation

Casing divided by membrane into sections having inlet

Cylindrical membrane

21032189, 21050023, B01D 6304, B01D 6306, F28F 2106, F28D 716

Patent

active

052307964

DESCRIPTION:

BRIEF SUMMARY
The invention relates to a transfer device for the transfer of matter and/or heat from one medium flow to another, which device is made up of modules comprising a number of hollow membrane fibres or tubes which fibres or tubes are intended for being flowed through by one of the medium flows, while the other medium flows at the outside of said fibres or tubes whose ends project in a sealed manner through module parts lying opposite each other and forming part of chambers having apertures for feeding or discharging of medium, the feed apertures and discharge apertures of adjacent modules being in register and connected to each other in a light-tight manner. Such device is known from FR 22.178.253. The invention also relates to a module for the assembly of such device.
Membrane processes and the membranes used in them were originally developed for carrying out separation on the basis of dimensions of particles or molecules (microfiltration, ultrafiltration and reverse osmosis) or for separation on the basis of solubility in and diffusion through a membrane (dialysis, gas separation, pervaporation/vapour permeation). Membrane processes have recently been developed where, unlike the above-mentioned processes, the membrane itself plays no role in the desired separation, but only causes the two phases to be kept separate. Examples of such processes are gas/gas exchange processes, gas/liquid absorption processes and liquid/liquid extraction processes. The exchanging surface between the two phases is created and maintained here by the membranes used. Since a large exchanging surface is necessary for a large matter transfer per unit volume, hollow fibre membranes are generally used in these processes.
The modules with membrane fibres of the device known from FR 2.178.253 are in fact an improvement of those designed for filtration processes. It is important here that a good matter transfer should occur at the front of the membrane (the retentate side), for example to prevent pollution or concentration polarization, the rear side of the membrane (permeate side) there is generally little or not matter transfer problem in the case of such filtration processes. In the known module for filtration processes with hollow membrane fibres these fibres are arranged in a bundle which is placed in a housing. The fibres are flowed through internally and externally in the lengthwise direction of the fibres.
These known filtration modules with hollow fibres have been treated for new matter transfer processes. In the case of such processes the matter transfer at both sides of the membrane plays an important role. It has been found that the matter transfer on the inside of the fibres is generally adequate or good, but that the matter transfer on the outside of the fibres is poor. The reason for this is that the fibres generally lie next to each other in an irregular way and at a varying distance from each other, as a result of which, on the one hand, short-circuit flows through the module are produced and, on the other, large parts of the fibres do not take part in the matter transfer process. These adverse phenomena can also occur during the use of hollow fibre membrane modules for so-called dialysis processes and in the case of gas or vapour separation processes, where at the permeate side of the membrane a so-called carrier flow is used to remove the permeate.
Using modules as known from FR 2.178.253, the surface of the membrane fibres or tubes can be flowed against well both on the inside and on the outside, while a good distribution of the medium at the outside of the membrane fibres or tubes is also possible.
However, a device according to FR 2.178.253 shows disadvantages. Such device needs to be placed into an additional housing to contain the medium flowing at the outside of the fibres or tubes of the modules. Also, the shape of the modules according to FR 2.178.253 is such that they can only be used with the fibres or tubes of adjacent modules parallel to each other, which is found out not to be the best configuration to get

REFERENCES:
patent: 2972349 (1961-02-01), Dewall
patent: 4054980 (1977-10-01), Roma
patent: 4622206 (1986-11-01), Torgeson
Patent Abstracts of Japan, vol. 12, No. 117, C 487, Apr. 13, 1988.
Patent Abstracts of Japan, vol. 10, No. 307, M527, Oct. 18, 1986.

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