Education and demonstration – Anatomy – physiology – therapeutic treatment – or surgery... – Anatomical representation
Reexamination Certificate
2000-05-01
2003-10-28
Banks, Derris H. (Department: 3712)
Education and demonstration
Anatomy, physiology, therapeutic treatment, or surgery...
Anatomical representation
C434S267000
Reexamination Certificate
active
06638073
ABSTRACT:
The present invention relates to the medical field, namely to training devices for teaching emergency aid techniques for people with traumas and sudden cessation of heart operation and breathing caused by grave traumas: industrial and domestic, electric current injuries, traffic accidents, water accidents, knife and gunshot wounds, diseases, poisoning, etc.
PRECEDING LEVEL OF TECHNICAL DEVICES
At the present time, progress in the world leads invariably to an increase in situations perilous to a person's life. Analysis shows that 60% of those people who found themselves in extreme situations could have been saved by well-timed help, but usually die due to the lack of this help. However perfect first-aid may be in the present, it is still often too late in situations of grave trauma.
In instances of external hemorrhaging, and sudden cessation of blood circulation and breathing, only 3 to 5 minutes separate the reversible state of clinical death from the irreversible brain damage and damage to other vital organs typical of biological death. Therefore, one can expect real help only from people who happen to be with an injured person at the moment of the trauma and possess elementary knowledge and skills in modern emergency and traumatologic aid. This expectation demonstrated that teaching together with the usage of special training devices would be effective in giving students the necessary theoretical knowledge and the practical skills in fulfilling the concrete techniques which are necessary in saving a person's life.
For example, “The Compact interactive teaching system 40 with the model” (see U.S. Pat. No. 4,932,879), comprising a simulator for a person's thorax and a control indicating device of the proper arrangement of the reanimator's hands for carrying out an external cardiac massage, is well-known. However, it does not give us any possibility of perfect artificial respiration techniques. “The Anatomical model of a person for teaching artificial respiration techniques” is known (see Patent (Japan) No. 3-30871). This model has a movable thorax with and internal flexible pocket containing a sound-signaling device. The potentialities of said model are limited, however, as it only allows the perfection of an artificial respiration technique.
The training device for teaching artificial respiration and external cardiac massage techniques (see the Ambu advertising booklet, Denmark, 1992) comprises a model of a person with upper and lower extremities, and a control device fixed directly on the trunk of the model that is connected to a microcomputer with a raster display. The model has a thorax with a resilient surface. The head of the model includes removable nasooral masks and flexible pockets for protecting students against cross-contamination. There is also a pulse simulator fixed in the area of the carotid and radius arteries of the model and sensors for detecting the proper arrangement of the reanimator's hands as well as the thorax compression intensity in respect to the external cardiac massage. Inside the model there are flexible vessels which imitate the air filling of the “lungs” and the “stomach”. With the help of an air line, said cavities join to the nasooral cavity of the head. The training device is a modern teaching equipment and it insures the control of the obligatory reanimation markers.
However, the constructional peculiarities of the model do not allow one to carry out the entire complexity of emergency help techniques. It is impossible, for instance, to realize the techniques of emergency traumatologic aid in cases of external hemorrhage, pneumothorax, fractures, etc. on the model. Furthermore, the training device does not permit a large audience to take an active part in the teaching process, which comprises observing the functioning models of a person's vital internal organs. This lack of the possibility to observe a complex picture of internal organs changing adequately in response to the actions of a student working with the model does not allow the students to understand the pathophysiological picture of a person's terminal states and makes the greatest teaching difficulties in cases of traumatic hemorrhages and pneumontorax. Moreover, the way of protecting students against cross-contamination does not rule out the emergence of infection in the model if the removable flexible pocket is torn, and also requires making a set of removable nasooral masks for such training device which takes much time if their substitution is necessary; this is detrimental to the teaching process. In addition to this, the arrangement of the teaching process controlling device on the model distorts the external anatomy and hinders students from carrying out techniques which require pressing on the epigastric stomach area. The medical teaching system (see U.S. Pat. No. 4,360,345), representing the interactive system of individual teaching, run by the computer, and comprising a model of a person, a signal memory device and information reproduction displays connected to the computer, is known. Said system ensures visual teaching and, with the help of standard methods, allows testing and directing the students through the use of computer graphics, videodisks and modeling marginal devices. Said system also trains the students in reanimation aid techniques. Using modern technology, said system sharply limits its potentialities and reduces teaching effectiveness because of the lack of possibility to train the practical techniques necessary for stopping dangerous external hemorrhages, and the emergency aid needed in cases of spine injury, penetrating knife and gunshot wounds, fractures of upper and lower extremities, etc. The potentialities of said system are further limited by demonstration on the display's screen being only outward, by the visual positions of reanimation techniques, and by the lack of demonstration of internal vital organs of an injured person changing their state adequately in response to traumatic influences and student's actions when performing reanimation techniques. The system also does not allow fully showing a student the peculiarities of the state of an injured person in the case of respiratory obstruction by liquid foreign body, and does not permit the teaching of giving emergency aid, including electric defibrillation techniques, to a person with electric trauma. Moreover, there is no guaranteed system of preventing students from cross-contamination when training artificial respiration techniques.
REVELATION OF THE PRESENT INVENTION
The goal of the present invention is to create a training device for teaching emergency help techniques for a person in an emergency situation which could increase considerably the number of current teaching programs by carrying out accordingly to the actual time scale and which could improve the quality of the teaching process by making it maximally close to real-life conditions through the construction of a model of a human being and through a control system for the teaching process connected with said model.
This goal is achieved due to the fact that the training device for teaching emergency help techniques for a person in an emergency situation comprises a model of a person including the following units connected together so as to render possible their movement: a head unit, a neck unit, a trunk unit with upper and lower extremities and also comprises a control system for the teaching process connected with the model. According to the present invention, the control system for the teaching process is performed in the form of an anatomic display that comprises video simulators for the vital internal organs of a person and their traumas, wherein said simulators are connected to a computer. The model of a human being includes a set of simulators for the vital activity of a person's inner organs with sensors for detecting external actions as well as video simulators for these organ's traumas which are also connected to a computer.
The present invention allows the carrying
Kazimirov Jury Borisovich
Kobakov Jury Alexoevich
Banks Derris H.
Frishauf Holtz Goodman & Chick P.C.
Miller Bena
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