Tracheal or tracheostomy tube and systems for mechanical ventila

Details Tracheal or tracheostomy tube and systems for mechanical ventila Tracheal or tracheostomy tube and systems for mechanical ventila

1995-03-23

1997-03-04

Lewis, Aaron J.

Surgery

Respiratory method or device

Respiratory gas supply means enters mouth or tracheotomy...

12820715, 12820424, 12820425, A61M 1600

Patent

active

056069685

DESCRIPTION:

BRIEF SUMMARY
The invention relates to a tube for introduction into the respiratory tract of a patient, especially orotracheal or nasotracheal tubes or tracheostomy tubes for controllable mechanical ventilation of a patient, with a distal end insertable into the respiratory tract and a proximal end provided with connectors and two continuous passages extending essentially from the proximal to the distal end of the tube, one of the two passages serving as a fresh passage in ventilation or breathing and the other of the two passages serving as an inspiration passage for additional or sole administration of fresh gas.
Tracheal and tracheostomy tubes are used for artificial ventilation of a human being in conjunction with ventilators usually comprising an expiration valve and a fresh gas source. The invention therefore consists in an improvement on the tube with a ventilator for improving breathing and for reducing the residual gas remaining in the respiratory tract by using a tube with an improved function.
Artificial ventilation of a human being is normally conducted at the natural respiratory rate. In the various methods of high-frequency ventilation, respiratory rates in the range of the heart rate are also used, without any synchronization of the ventilation phases with the heart action.
The conventional ventilators known heretofore, with a controllable expiration valve and fresh gas supply controllable by means of an electrically controllable pressure-reduction valve, require one tube with a single passage (ventilation tube) or a tube with two passages (inspiration passage, expiration passage) so designed that the gas flow in one passage has no effect on that in the other passage; see DE 25 35 191 A1, AT 389 818. For all practical purposes, known ventilators can be influenced only by damming up the fresh gas source, whereupon any alveolar gas residue remains in the tube in each cycle and has a disadvantageous effect.
The goal of the invention is to eliminate this disadvantage of ventilators with double-lumen tubes. In addition, the control of ventilation is to be effected as a function of signals delivered by an electrocardiograph or a blood pressure monitor for example.
To achieve this goal, according to the invention the tube design proposed in the preamble of claim 1 provides that each of the two passages has a distal outlet opening and the distal outlet opening of the inspiration passage is directed at the distal outlet opening of the ventilation passage. In a preferred embodiment of the tube, the inspiration passage is bent at approximately 180.degree. in the vicinity of the distal end of the tube and directed at or into the distal outlet opening of the ventilation passage and through the ventilation passage to the proximal end of the tube. Preferably, in the tube according to the invention one of the two passages has a cross section smaller than that of the other of the two passages in the tube and the passage with the cross section that is larger than that of the other passage serves as the ventilation passage for ventilation and breathing, and the passage with the cross section that is smaller than that of the other passage serves as the inspiration passage for the additional or sole supply of fresh gas.
The tube according to the invention, which can be designed as an orotracheal, nasotracheal, or tracheostomy tube, has two passages so designed that conventional ventilation can be conducted through the ventilation passage (for example, intermittent positive pressure ventilation, or IPPV). In addition, endotracheal and endobronchial suctioning can be performed through this passage both with conventional disposable suction catheters and with a bronchoscope. The inspiration passage, made with a smaller cross section than that of the ventilation passage, is intended for additional or sole supply of fresh gas to the patient. Both the additional and sole gas supply through the inspiration passage can be provided intermittently, preferably on expiration, or constantly or continuously, but as a function of the fresh p

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