Cutters – for shaping – Including tool having plural alternatively usable cutting edges – With integral chip breaker – guide or deflector
Patent
1996-10-30
1998-09-22
Pitts, A. L.
Cutters, for shaping
Including tool having plural alternatively usable cutting edges
With integral chip breaker, guide or deflector
407116, B23B 2722
Patent
active
058105204
DESCRIPTION:
BRIEF SUMMARY
CROSS REFERENCE TO RELATED APPLICATIONS
This application is the U.S. national phase of PCT application PCT/DE95/00515 filed 12 Apr., 1995 with a claim to the priorities of German applications P 44 15 491.7 and P 44 31 796.4 respectively filed 2 May 1994 and 7 Sep., 1994.
FIELD OF THE INVENTION
The invention relates to a tool for material-removing machining of workpieces, in particular a cutting insert, with a plurality of recessed and/or raised chip-shaping elements which extend along a cutting edge in a row and which are elongated with respective longitudinal axes, the cutting surfaces having at least near the cutting edge a scale-like microstructure and the individual scales being arranged immediately adjacent one another. The invention also relates to a boring tool equipped with the described cutting inserts.
BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION
Such a tool is for example described in German patent document 4,118,068. There the adjacent chip-shaping elements are arranged at various angles from a maximum of 45.degree. at the cutting-corner regions to 0.degree. relative to perpendiculars to the cutting edge, various travel directions of the chip during the cutting operation being taken into account. Above all only one of the effective chip-shaping elements can be optimally oriented relative to the chip travel direction. The other chip-shaping elements not properly positioned relative to the chip-travel direction create material deposits and substantial friction to a degree dependent on the variation of the orientation of the chip-forming element from the actual chip-travel direction. This is also true for a tool according to German patent document 4,118,070 whose chip-shaping elements are arranged parallel to one another along the cutting edge.
German patent document 3,105,377 describes a cutting insert whose cutting surface has a plurality of spaced, adjacent, and upstanding projections or recesses, the spaces between the projections or in the cutting surface holding at least one row of generally semicircular or kidney-shaped recesses extending parallel to the cutting edge and only slightly spaced from each other. The longitudinal axes of the recesses of the row are parallel to the respective cutting edge. A chip moving here thus undergoes extreme frictional resistance which also leads to depositing of workpiece material and material adhesions and/or high cutting temperatures. The same is for true tongue-like projections extending from the cutting-surface plateau toward the cutting edge according to U.S. Pat. No. 5,265,985.
OBJECT OF THE INVENTION
In workpieces for material-removing machining, in particular for turning, milling, or boring, which are used with little or no coolant and by means of which soft or highly alloyed or hardened or laminated workpieces are machined, it is an object to reduce as much as possible the local friction with different chip cross sections, that is with different chip-travel directions and/or curvatures in order to reduce or eliminate detrimental workpiece adhesions or bonding to the cutting surface.
SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION
This object is solved by a tool having at least near the cutting edge a scale-like microstructure and the individual scales are arranged immediately adjacent one another and each have parallel to the cutting edge a section which has a steep flank and a shallow flank, and the apex lines of the scales extend at different angles and/or curvatures. The flat(ter) flank is on the side of the apex line toward the center of curvature. In this manner with any cutting width of the chip passing over the contact zone the angle of the apex lines of the scales is greater than or equal to the respective span-travel angle and/or the curvature of the apex lines is equal to or greater than the respective lateral chip curvature. The flank angles reduces the chip contact substantially on the flat flank near the apex line, so that if necessary the chip can slide unhindered over the apex lines. In particular with indexable cutting plates for turning and for corner milli
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"Starker, Genauer, Universeller", published in Fertigungstechnik m + w 21/1992.
"Drei Neue in Progarmm" published in Betriebstechnik Nov. 1985.
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Hintze Wolfgang
Wurfels Andreas
Dubno Herbert
Pitts A. L.
Tsai Henry W. H.
Widia GmbH
Wilford Andrew M.
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