Solid material comminution or disintegration – Apparatus – Miscellaneous
Reexamination Certificate
2000-09-15
2003-07-08
Rosenbaum, Mark (Department: 3725)
Solid material comminution or disintegration
Apparatus
Miscellaneous
C164S098000, C241S275000
Reexamination Certificate
active
06588692
ABSTRACT:
BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION
1. Field of the Invention
The present invention relates to a throw shoe (also called impeller or impacter), which is intended for crushers of the centrifugal type with a vertical shaft i.e. the so-called VSI-crushers.
2. Description of the Related Art
The aforementioned VSI-crushers are known in the prior art for crushing all kinds of materials, especially rock aggregates. They are used, for example, in quarries and cement works. These VSI-crushers comprise a cylindrical housing or shell containing a turntable which is supported by a vertical bearing and which comprises means rotating the table about the central axis of the crusher. Furthermore, the crusher includes a series of throw shoes fixed to the turntable, as well as a series of anvils arranged on the internal vertical wall of the cylindrical housing, around the turntable.
Throw shoes are usually of a parallelepiped shape. They are generally made of cast iron, and are affixed to the turntable of the crusher. The face of the throw shoe which turned toward the axis of rotation of the table is called the nose of the throw shoe, while the face parallel to the anvils of the cylindrical housing forms the exit face of the throw shoe.
The front face of the throw shoe, called the working face, perpendicular to the axis of rotation of the table is that which the material to be crushed encounters.
This front working face of the throw shoe may be provided with one or more cavities which do not pass right through the structure of the throw shoe. These cavities form the so-called pockets of the throw shoe, which fill up i.a. with crushed material when the crusher is rotating.
During the crushing operation, the material to be crushed is poured into the center of the turntable by known means. Due to the effect of the centrifugal force and to the impact with the working face of the throw shoe, the material is thrown towards the anvils, against which it is crushed before it drops, in crushed form, to the bottom of the crusher from where it is removed through a discharge funnel. While the material is being thrown, the throw shoes are subjected to very high stresses and they are consequently subject to rapid wear.
The pockets in the throw shoes, because of the accumulation of material therein, allow a considerable increase of the lifetime of these throw shoes.
However, in this type of throw shoe, it is observed that the wear occurs preferentially around the exit edge of the pockets, i.e. at the point where the abrasion due to the material thrown by the centrifugal force is highest.
U.S. Pat. No. 3,044,720 (see column 6, lines 20-22 and FIGS. 5-8) describes a centrifugal-type impact crusher provided with a pocket which has a protection device in the form of a reinforcement consisting of separate plates or inserts which are attached to the impeller.
Similarly, for the same type of crusher, U.S. Pat. No. 3,149,793 (see column 2, lines 1-7 and FIGS. 2-7) also proposes separate reinforcing plates or inserts.
Document WO 84/04760 describes a wear and abrasion-resistant components used for i.a. crushers. The components can be assembled in the form of composites with a copper liner at the interface i.a. by casting in situ on or around a metallic substrate (see the abstract). Particulate carbides may be included in the said components which may be in suspension but are more likely to be fully dissolved in the melt (page 10, lines 17-26). A metallurgical bond is achieved by casting the alloy against a work surface of a substrate component (page 11, line 19) or by brazing to cause diffusion between the alloy and the substrate (page 12, lines 6-14).
In document WO 89/04720, ceramic tiles of the aluminium-oxide type for the exit ducts in anvil crushers have been proposed.
The technological background of the invention, in particular the design of the crushers may also be illustrated by U.S. Pat. Nos. 3,346,203 and 4,787,564.
All these references are incorporated by reference in the present description.
Attempts have also been made to attach a separate ceramic reinforcement, preferably made of tungsten carbide, to the edges of the pockets. This type of material resists the abrasion at the exit of the throw shoe very well.
Nevertheless, the wear produced is often localised along certain preferential paths, outside the initial cavities of the throw shoe. These preferential wear paths propagate over the entire structure of the throw shoe, the consequence of which is that eventually a piece is obtained in which practically only the reinforcement is intact.
Furthermore, when uncrushable materials, for example metallic materials, or larger size aggregate, are introduced into the crusher, these destroy the tungsten carbide ceramic reinforcement. When the reinforcement is broken, the turntable supporting the throw shoes operates in an unbalanced manner.
The throw shoes must then be removed and replaced, in order to avoid any vibration of the crusher.
SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION
The object of the present invention is essentially to avoid, or at least reduce, the drawbacks which result from the wear of the throw shoes of the prior art. A further object of the invention is to design a throw shoe which resists the impact of the particles to be crushed and which almost no longer suffers any deterioration in its initial structure.
Accordingly, a throw shoe is provided for centrifugal-type crushers with a vertical shaft of the VSI-type which comprises on its working face a composite reinforcement structure which is formed from a wear-resistant ceramic material which has been infiltrated by an iron-based alloy, said composite reinforcement structure being solid cast with the body of the throw shoe which is constituted by the same iron-based alloy.
The technique for producing said throw shoe consists in the steps of placing a wear-resistant ceramic material in a mold and performing a casting operation wherein said wear-resistant ceramic is infiltrated by a liquid iron-based alloy and simultaneously, in situ, solid cast with the material constituting the remaining part of the throw shoe, thus producing an integral structure including a reinforcement on the working surface in the body of the throw show.
A key feature of the present invention resides in the choice of a composite formed by an iron-based alloy (steel or cast iron) and a ceramic material in order to constitute the reinforcing element, which is formed in situ while the throw shoe is being cast.
The starting material for the composite reinforcement structure according to the invention are very wear-resistant ceramic particles preferably based on alumina and/or zirconia or on alumina-zirconia, which are agglomerated by a binding agent. During casting, said agglomerated ceramic particles are infiltrated by the same liquid metal serving to form the body of the throw shoe including the composite reinforcement structure as a part cast solid with the body of the throw shoe.
Similarly to the usual constitution of throw shoes for VSI-crushers, the throw shoes according a first embodiment of the invention may comprise one or more cavities or pockets and said composite reinforcement is tailored to the number, the size and the geometrical shape of the pocket or pockets and is located around the periphery of the pocket or pockets.
However it appeared that an equally if not more favorable solution may consist according to a second embodiment of this invention in throw shoes which initially do not comprise such cavities or pockets. In such case the said composite reinforcement structure is tailored to the number, the size and the geometrical shape of the pocket or pockets to be formed in service by wear-out and become located around the periphery of such pocket or pockets.
The body of the throw shoe in such case due to the absence of pockets will be initially flush with the reinforcement structure on the front working face of the throw shoe. In service however the non-reinforced zones will wear out and pockets will be naturally formed in the zones where reinforcement is absent on said working face.
A
Knobbe Martens Olson & Bear LLP
Magotteaux International
Rosenbaum Mark
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