Drug – bio-affecting and body treating compositions – Designated organic active ingredient containing – Having -c- – wherein x is chalcogen – bonded directly to...
Reexamination Certificate
2001-07-27
2002-10-08
Bernhardt, Emily (Department: 1624)
Drug, bio-affecting and body treating compositions
Designated organic active ingredient containing
Having -c-, wherein x is chalcogen, bonded directly to...
C544S405000
Reexamination Certificate
active
06462050
ABSTRACT:
BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION
Thrombin is a serine protease present in blood plasma in the form of a precursor, prothrombin. Thrombin plays a central role in the mechanism of blood coagulation by converting the solution plasma protein, fibrinogen, into insoluble fibrin.
Edwards et al., J.
Amer. Chem. Soc
., (1992) vol. 114, pp. 1854-63, describes peptidyl a-ketobenzoxazoles which are reversible inhibitors of the serine proteases human leukocyte elastase and porcine pancreatic elastase.
European Publication 363 284 describes analogs of peptidase substrates in which the nitrogen atom of the scissile amide group of the substrate peptide has been replaced by hydrogen or a substituted carbonyl moiety.
Australian Publication 86245677 also describes peptidase inhibitors having an activated electrophilic ketone moiety such as fluoromethylene ketone or a-keto carboxyl derivatives.
R. J. Brown et al.,
J. Med. Chem.,
Vol. 37, pages 1259-1261 (1994) describes orally active, non-peptidic inhibitors of human leukocyte elastase which contain trifluoromethylketone and pyridinone moieties.
H. Mack et al.,
J. Enzyme Inhibition,
Vol. 9, pages 73-86 (1995) describes rigid amidino-phenylalanine thrombin inhibitors which contain a pyridinone moiety as a central core structure.
SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION
The invention includes a composition for inhibiting loss of blood platelets, inhibiting formation of blood platelet aggregates, inhibiting formation of fibrin, inhibiting thrombus formation, and inhibiting embolus formation in a mammal, comprising a compound of the invention in a pharmaceutically acceptable carrier. These compositions may optionally include anticoagulants, antiplatelet agents, and thrombolytic agents. The compositions can be added to blood, blood products, or mammalian organs in order to effect the desired inhibitions.
The invention also includes a composition for preventing or treating unstable angina, refractory angina, myocardial infarction, transient ischemic attacks, atrial fibrillation, thrombotic stroke, embolic stroke, deep vein thrombosis, disseminated intravascular coagulation, ocular build up of fibrin, and reocclusion or restenosis of recanalized vessels, in a mammal, comprising a compound of the invention in a pharmaceutically acceptable carrier. These compositions may optionally include anticoagulants, antiplatelet agents, and thrombolytic agents.
The invention also includes a method for reducing the thrombogenicity of a surface in a mammal by attaching to the surface, either covalently or noncovalently, a compound of the invention.
DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION AND PREFERRED EMBODIMENTS
Compounds of the invention are useful as thrombin inhibitors and have therapeutic value in for example, preventing coronary artery disease, and have the following structure:
X is halogen, C
1-4
alkyl, or cyano;
R
1
is hydrogen or halogen, provided that when R
2
is hydrogen, R
1
is halogen;
R
2
is hydrogen or halogen, provided that when R
1
is hydrogen, R
2
is halogen;
R
3
is hydrogen or C
1-4
alkyl; and
R
4
is hydrogen, halogen, or C
1-4
alkyl,
and pharmaceutically acceptable salts thereof.
In a class of the compounds of the invention, X is Cl or CH
3
.
In a group of this subclass, R
1
is hydrogen or F.
In a subgroup of this group, R
2
is hydrogen or F.
In a family of this subgroup, R
3
is hydrogen or CH
3
. and R
4
is hydrogen or Cl.
Examples of this family are listed below. Inhibitory activity, as measured by the in vitro assay described in the specification, is represented by “*”, indicating Ki greater than or equal to 20 nM, or “**” indicating Ki less than 20 nM.
The compounds of the present invention may have chiral centers and occur as racemates, racemic mixtures and as individual diastereomers, or enantiomers with all isomeric forms being included in the present invention. The compounds of the present invention may also have polymorphic crystalline forms, with all polymorphic crystalline forms being included in the present invention.
When any variable occurs more than one time in any constituent or in formula I, its definition on each occurrence is independent of its definition at every other occurrence. Also, combinations of substituents and/or variables are permissible only if such combinations result in stable compounds.
Some abbreviations that may appear in this application are as follows:
ABBREVIATIONS
AcOH
acetic acid
CHCl
3
chloroform
CH
2
Cl
2
dichloromethane
DCE
1,2-dichloroethane
DMF
dimethylformamide
EDC
1-ethyl-3-(3-dimethylaminopropyl)
carbodiimide hydrochloride
Et
2
O
diethyl ether
EtOAc
ethyl acetate
EtOH
ethanol
HCl
hydrochloric acid
HOBT
1-hydroxybenzotriazole hydrate
KHSO
4
potassium hydrogen sulfate
KOH
potassium hydroxide
LiOH
lithium hydroxide
MeOH
methanol
MgSO
4
magnesium sulfate
NaBH
4
sodium borohydride
NaHCO
3
sodium hydrogen carbonate
NaN
3
sodium azide
Na
2
CO
3
sodium carbonate
Na
2
SO
4
sodium sulfate
nBuLi
n-butyllithium
NCS
N-chlorosuccinimide
NH
4
OH
ammonium hydroxide
NMM
N-methylmorpholine
Pd—C
palladium on activated carbon catalyst
PhCH
3
toluene
TEA
triethylamine
TFA
trifluoroacetic acid
THF
tetrahydrofuran
TMSCN
trimethylsilyl cyanide
As used herein except where noted, “alkyl” is intended to include both branched- and straight-chain saturated aliphatic hydrocarbon groups having the specified number of carbon atoms (Me is methyl, Et is ethyl, Pr is propyl, Bu is butyl). “Halogen”, as used herein, means fluoro, chloro, bromo and iodo.
The pharmaceutically-acceptable salts of the compounds of Formula I (in the form of water- or oil-soluble or dispersible products) include the conventional non-toxic salts such as those derived from inorganic acids, e.g. hydrochloric, hydrobromoic, sulfuric, sulfamic, phosphoric, nitric and the like, or the quaternary ammonium salts which are formed, e.g., from inorganic or organic acids or bases. Examples of acid addition salts include acetate, adipate, alginate, aspartate, benzoate, benzenesulfonate, bisulfate, butyrate, citrate, camphorate, camphorsulfonate, cyclopentanepropionate, digluconate, dodecylsulfate, ethanesulfonate, fumarate, glucoheptanoate, glycerophosphate, hemisulfate, heptanoate, hexanoate, hydrochloride, hydrobromide, hydroiodide, 2-hydroxyethanesulfonate, lactate, maleate, methanesulfonate, 2-naphthalenesulfonate, nicotinate, nitrate, oxalate, pamoate, pectinate, persulfate, 3-phenylpropionate, picrate, pivalate, propionate, succinate, sulfate, tartrate, thiocyanate, tosylate, and undecanoate. Base salts include ammonium salts, alkali metal salts such as sodium and potassium salts, alkaline earth metal salts such as calcium and magnesium salts, salts with organic bases such as dicyclohexylamine salts, N-methyl-D-glucamine, and salts with amino acids such as arginine, lysine, and so forth. Also, the basic nitrogen-containing groups may be quaternized with such agents as lower alkyl halides, such as methyl, ethyl, propyl, and butyl chloride, bromides and iodides; dialkyl sulfates like dimethyl, diethyl, dibutyl; and diamyl sulfates, long chain halides such as decyl, lauryl, myristyl and stearyl chlorides, bromides and iodides, aralkyl halides like benzyl and phenethyl bromides and others.
Thrombin Inhibitors—Therapeutic Uses—Method of Using
Anticoagulant therapy is indicated for the treatment and prevention of a variety of thrombotic conditions, particularly coronary artery and cerebrovascular disease. Those experienced in this field are readily aware of the circumstances requiring anticoagulant therapy. The term “patient” used herein is taken to mean mammals such as primates, including humans, sheep, horses, cattle, pigs, dogs, cats, rats, and mice.
Thrombin inhibition is useful not only in the anticoagulant therapy of individuals having thrombotic conditions, but is useful whenever inhibition of blood coagulation is required such as to prevent coagulation of stored whole blood and to prevent coagulation in other biological samples for testing or storage. Thus, the thrombin inhibitors can be added to or contacted with any medium containing or suspected of containing th
Barrow James C.
Cutrona Kellie
Isaacs Richard C.
Selnick Harold G.
Bernhardt Emily
Camara Valerie J.
Merck & Co. , Inc.
Parr Richard S.
Winokur Melvin
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