Thermal measuring and testing – Temperature measurement – In spaced noncontact relationship to specimen
Patent
1983-08-08
1986-04-08
Yasich, Daniel M.
Thermal measuring and testing
Temperature measurement
In spaced noncontact relationship to specimen
250342, 374103, 374141, 374139, G01J 510, C10B 3310
Patent
active
045809089
DESCRIPTION:
BRIEF SUMMARY
BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION
This invention relates to a thermometer for determining the temperature of coke oven chamber walls. More particularly, the present invention relates to supporting on the end portion of a pusher rod used to push coke from a coke oven, a thermometer which includes a measuring head wherein the actual value of the measured temperature is converted to an electrical signal and delivered by lines to a recording and evaluating facility which is external of the coke oven.
The coking of a coal charge in an oven chamber proceeds according to the temperature of the coke oven chamber walls. The chamber walls are heated by adjacent heating walls and the major surfaces of the chamber walls must be heated in a manner to yield uniformly-carbonized coke. The content of residual volatiles of uniformly-carbonized coke is the same throughout. The coke oven chamber walls must be supplied at every place with the amount of heat which is appropriate for that place by the combustion of heating gases to insure uniform carbonization. The heating gases flow vertically upward through flues in the heating walls. The gases burn to some extent at different heights in the flue with an excess of air. A large number of heating flues is formed by subdividing the heating walls; the effect of which is that the large quantities of gas fed to the flues can be controlled and distributed satisfactorily over the entire heating wall. The heating flues serve to control the quantity of heat supplied lengthwise of the heating walls, i.e., horizontal distribution, in accordance with the heat requirement which increases toward the coke side of the oven chamber because of the conicity of the oven chambers.
Another important consideration for insuring uniform heating of coke oven chamber walls is a vertically-uniform distribution to the intensity of the heat in every flue. Other important factors relate to the nature of the heating fuel. Uniform heating in the flue is promoted by lean-gas flames which are not long and not luminous. On the other hand, irregular heat distribution occurs with the use of rich gas which produces a short luminous flame in the heating flues. Various operating procedures are, therefore, required when heating with rich gas in order to obtain uniform heating. One such procedure is the distribution of gas nozzles in the various flues at different heights and inert gases, such as flue gases, are admixed with the gases for combustion or the combustion-supporting air is introduced in stages. In known types of coke ovens, different systems for feeding rich gas are responsible for a number of special procedures for insuring uniform heating. For example, in top-heated ovens, the heating gas is supplied from mains extending along the front of the ovens, i.e., along the top of the ovens. Rich gas flows into distribution ducts between the oven chamber and the associated regenerator. From this point, the rich gas is distributed to the various heating flues. Calibrated nozzle bricks situated in the burner plane are used for adjusting the quantity of gas required for each individual flue. Other special features are found in coke ovens having, for example, twin-heating flue systems for the so-called group draft ovens.
The most widespread method of supervising the heating of coke ovens is carried out on the basis of measurements of the temperature of the nozzle bricks in the heating wall flues. Operating staff using pyrometers measure the temperature at the side of the chamber wall which is distal from the coal charge. The temperature measurements are very labor-intensive and are not accurate for insuring uniform heating. The uncertainty as to the uniformity of heating wall temperature is the result of the distance between the temperature-measuring station or point and the chamber wall surface which is in contact with the coal. Uniform carbonization of coke depends mainly on a uniform temperature of the chamber walls particularly at the side thereof which is near the coal charge. Temperature measurements of the chamber
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Dr. C. Otto & Comp. GmbH
Murray Thomas H.
Poff Clifford A.
Yasich Daniel M.
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