Stock material or miscellaneous articles – Web or sheet containing structurally defined element or... – Composite having voids in a component
Patent
1995-06-26
1998-05-12
Davis, Jenna
Stock material or miscellaneous articles
Web or sheet containing structurally defined element or...
Composite having voids in a component
264 41, 4283157, B32B 310
Patent
active
057502455
DESCRIPTION:
BRIEF SUMMARY
The present invention is generally related to azlactone modified polymeric membranes and is more particularly related to a thermally induced, phase separated polymeric membrane containing an azlactone moiety which was added to the polymer by extrusion grafting or blending. The thermally induced, phase separated azlactone polymeric membranes are suitable for use in a variety of separation and chromatographic applications.
BACKGROUND
Polymeric supports which have been modified to include an azlactone moiety may be useful for a number of applications. The capability of the azlactone moiety to covalently bind a variety of biologically significant or useful materials to a polymer have allowed the use of azlactone-modified polymers as complexing agents, enzymes, catalysts, polymeric reagents, and chromatographic supports as well as other types of activated supports.
Methods to make azlactone-modified polymers are known. For example, EP 0 392 735 published Oct. 17, 1990 reports suitable methods for attaching an azlactone moiety to a polymer, preferably a polymeric support such as a bead or membrane. The reported processes to produce azlactone modified polymers or polymeric supports include mixing a suitable alkenyl azlactone monomer with a polymer-producing monomer and copolymerizing the mixture of monomers under conditions which do not compromise the reactive properties of the azlactone portion of the resulting copolymer.
Another reported method of attaching an azlactone moiety to a polymeric support involves coating the surface of a polymerized substrate with an azlactone reagent. Reported processes provide a polymer having an azlactone moiety being covalently attached or bound to outer surfaces of the polymeric support. The covalent attachment of the azlactone moiety to the polymer avoids problems typically associated with surface coatings which are not bound to the polymer surface such as leaching of the coating from the polymer surface during the use of the coated polymer.
Another process for attaching an azlactone moiety to a polymeric support is reported in EP 0 392 783 published Oct. 17, 1990. In this report, a monomeric 2-alkenyl azlactone moiety was extrusion grafted to a polyolefin base polymer. The process to prepare such a graft copolymer involved contacting a polyolefin base polymer with a free radical initiator system to give an activated polymer and then reacting the activated polymer with a monomeric alkenyl azlactone moiety. The graft copolymer prepared by the above process provided a polymeric support that had modified surfaces when compared to the base polymer and which retained the desired physical and chemical properties of the azlactone moiety. The reported azlactone graft copolymer may be extruded, formed or molded into a variety of configurations such as beads, pellets, strips, films, or wells and may be used in diverse applications such as thermoplastic adhesives and tie layers for barrier films. In addition, the azlactone moiety may be reacted with nucleophilic reagents such as proteins and other biologically active reagents. The covalent attachment of biological reagents to the polymeric support through the grafted azlactone moiety allows use of the graft copolymers in separation and chromatographic applications.
Microporous films or membranes are one specialized type of material which has potential application in a number of separation or chromatographic uses such as analysis of air, microbiological products, intravenous fluids or vaccines. A specific type of microporous film or membrane is reported in U.S. Pat. No. 4,539,256 to Shipman. This patent reports a microporous film or sheet material that has a microporous structure characterized by having a multiplicity of spaced, randomly dispersed, equiaxed, non-uniformly shaped particles of polymeric material that are connected to each other by a plurality of three-dimensionally dispersed polymeric fibrils.
A method of making this type of microporous film is also reported in U.S. Pat. No. 4,539,256. Briefly, the method of making such
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Chapter: Billmeyer, Jr., "Polymer Structure and Physical Properties," Textbook of Polymer Science, Third Edition, (1984) pp. 330-357.
Chapter: Battaerd et al., "IV. Properties of Block and Graft Copolymers," Graft Copolymers, (1967) pp. 209-210.
Exsted Bert J.
Kangas Steven L.
Davis Jenna
Minnesota Mining and Manufacturing Company
Rogers James A.
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