Thermal head

Details Thermal head Thermal head

1999-07-21

2001-07-03

Tran, Huan (Department: 2861)

Incremental printing of symbolic information

Thermal marking apparatus or processes

Specific resistance recording element type

Reexamination Certificate

active

06256052

ABSTRACT:

BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION
This invention relates to the art of thermal heads for thermal recording which are used in various types of printers, plotters, facsimile, recorders and the like as a recording device.
Thermal materials comprising a thermal recording layer on a substrate of a film or the like are used to record images produced in diagnosis by ultrasonic scanning (sonography).
This recording method, also referred to as thermal recording, eliminates the need for wet processing and offers several advantages including convenience in handling. Hence, in recent years, the use of the thermal recording system is not limited to small-scale applications such as diagnosis by ultrasonic scanning and an extension to those areas of medical diagnoses such as CT, MRI and X-ray photography where large and high-quality images are required, is under review.
As is well known, thermal recording involves the use of a thermal head having a glaze, in which heating elements comprising heaters and electrodes, used for heating a thermal material to record an image are arranged in one direction (main scanning direction) and, with the glaze urged at small pressure against the thermal material, the two members are moved relative to each other in the auxiliary scanning direction perpendicular to the main scanning direction. Energy is applied to the heating elements of the respective pixels in the glaze in accordance with image data to be recorded which were supplied from an image data supply source such as MRI or CT, in order to heat the thermal recording layer of the thermal material, thereby performing image recording through color formation.
A protective film is formed on the surface of the glaze of the thermal head in order to protect the heaters for heating a thermal material, the associated electrodes and the like. Therefore, it is this protective film that contacts the thermal material during thermal recording and the heaters heat the thermal material through this protective film so as to perform thermal recording.
The protective film is usually made of wear-resistant ceramics; however, during thermal recording, the surface of the protective film is heated and kept in sliding contact with the thermal material, so it will gradually wear and deteriorate upon repeated recording.
If the wear of the protective film progresses, density unevenness will occur on the thermal image or a desired protective strength can not be maintained and, hence, the ability of the film to protect the heaters is impaired to such an extent that the intended image recording is no longer possible (the head has lost its function).
Particularly in the applications such as the aforementioned medical use which require multiple gradation images of high quality, the trend is toward ensuring the desired high image quality by adopting thermal films with highly rigid substrates such as polyester films and also increasing the setting values of recording temperature (energy applied) and of the pressure at which the thermal head is urged against the thermal material. Under these circumstances, as compared with the conventional thermal recording, a greater force and more heat are exerted on the protective film of the thermal head, making wear and corrosion (or wear due to corrosion) more likely to progress.
With a view to preventing the wear of the protective film on the thermal head and improving its durability, a number of techniques to improve the performance of the protective film have been considered. Among others, a carbon-based protective film (hereinafter referred to as a carbon protective layer) is known as a protective film excellent in resistance to wear and corrosion.
Thus, Examined Published Japanese Patent Applications (KOKOKU) No. 61-53955 and No. 4-62866 (the latter being the divisional application of the former) disclose a thermal head excellent in wear resistance and response which is obtained by forming a very thin carbon protective layer having a Vickers hardness of 4500 kg/mm
2
or more as the protective film of the thermal head and a method of manufacturing the thermal head, respectively.
Unexamined Published Japanese Patent Application (KOKAI) No. 7-132628 discloses a thermal head which has a dual protective film comprising a lower silicon-based compound layer and an overlying diamond-like carbon layer, said protective film having wear and breakage significantly reduced, thereby ensuring that high-quality images can be recorded over an extended period of time.
The carbon protective layer has properties quite similar to those of a diamond, including a very high hardness and chemical stability. Hence the carbon protective layer presents sufficiently excellent properties to prevent wear and corrosion which may be caused by the sliding contact with thermal materials.
The carbon protective layer is excellent in wear resistance, but brittle because of its hardness, that is, low in tenacity. Therefore, a thermal shock or stress due to heating of heating elements, a stress due to a difference in the coefficient of thermal expansion between the carbon protective layer and the neighboring layer, a mechanical impact due to a foreign matter entered between the thermal material and the thermal head (glaze) during recording, or other factors may bring about rather easily, cracking or peeling.
If cracking or peeling is caused in the protective layer, wear, corrosion and also wear due to corrosion progress, leads to the reduction of the durability of the thermal head. The thermal head is not capable of exhibiting high reliability over an extended period of time.
SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION
The present invention has been accomplished under these circumstances and has as an object providing a thermal head having a carbon-based protective layer, said protective layer having significantly reduced corrosion and wear and being protected from cracking and peeling due to heat or a mechanical impact, thereby enabling the thermal head to have a sufficient durability to ensure that high reliability can be exhibited over an extended period of time to perform thermal recording of high-quality images consistently over an extended period of operation.
In order to achieve the above object, the invention provides a thermal head having a protective film of heating elements, said protective film comprising a carbon-based protective layer and a lower insulating protective layer which is composed of one or more sub-layers and formed below said carbon-based protective layer, wherein at least one of said sub-layers of said lower protective layer contains not more than 5 atm % of oxygen.
In a preferred embodiment, at least, one of said sub-layers which is located uppermost in said lower protective layer contains not more than 5 atm % of oxygen.
In another preferred embodiment, said protective film further includes between said carbon-based protective layer and said lower protective layer, an intermediate protective layer which is based on at least one component selected from a group consisting of metals of Groups IVA, VA and VIA, and silicon and germanium, and which is composed of one or a plurality of sub-layers.
When said intermediate protective layer is included, it is preferred that said intermediate protective layer also contains not more than 5 atm % of oxygen.
When said intermediate protective layer has the plurality of sub-layers, at least one of said sub-layers contains preferably not more than 5 atm % of oxygen. In particular, all of said sub-layers contain preferably not more than 5 atm % of oxygen.


REFERENCES:
patent: 6091437 (2000-07-01), Yoneda et al.
patent: 58-42472 (1983-03-01), None
patent: 63-78761 (1988-04-01), None
patent: 7-132628 (1995-05-01), None
patent: 10-119336 (1998-05-01), None

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