Surgery – Radioactive substance applied to body for therapy
Reexamination Certificate
2000-08-03
2002-09-24
Shaver, Kevin (Department: 3736)
Surgery
Radioactive substance applied to body for therapy
Reexamination Certificate
active
06454695
ABSTRACT:
BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION
1. Field of Invention
The invention of the present application relates to a therapeutic instrument for treating psoriasis, atopic dermatitis, articular rheumatism and/or cancer or preventing the progress of these diseases.
2. Description of Related Art
There has been at least carried out low dose irradiation of radial rays such as X-rays for treating psoriasis by means of radial rays (Hideo Irie, Radiation therapy respective for diseases, page 61, published by Kokuseido Shuppan K. K. (edition; Feb. 10, 1967)). However, the irradiated doses are divided into several low irradiation doses such as from 100 to 150 R (from 0.91 to 1.37 sieverts (Sv) (from 0.91 to 1.37 grays (Gy)). The total irradiation dose for several low irradiation doses becomes high such as, for example, 200 to 600 R (1.8 to 5.4 Sv (1.8 to 5.4 Gy)). Highly skilled technique is required for administering these radial rays.
For atopic dermatitis, there is no known therapy that can be carried out safely by means of low dose irradiation of radial rays.
For articular rheumatism, low dose irradiation of radial rays such as X-rays has been carried out as therapy (Hideo Irie, Radiation therapy respective for diseases, page 92, as described above). However the X-ray intensities of low dose irradiation are very high such as, for example, 80 to 100 kV for small joints and from 140 to 180 kV for large joints. Furthermore, therapy includes 5 to 10 low dose irradiations. Thus, the total irradiation dosage becomes high such as, for example, 50 to 1000 R (10 to 50 R for an acute phase, 70 to 100 R for a chronic phase) (0.46 to 9.1 Sv (0.46 to 9.1 Gy)). For therapy by means of X-ray irradiation, highly skilled technique is required as in the above-mentioned therapy for atopic dermatitis, which makes administration difficult.
For cancer therapy, X-rays are administered in a total dosage of from 3500 to 6000 rads (from 35 to 60 Sv (from 35 to 60 Gy)) (Jun Egawa, “Manual for cancer therapy by radial rays”, page 12, Chugai Igaku Sha K. K. 1989). High skilled technique is also required for the therapy by X-ray irradiation as in the above-mentioned therapy for psoriasis, which makes administration difficult.
In the case of skin cancer, the irradiated doses by means of X-rays,
60
Co or
137
Sr etc. are very high such as 200 R (1.9 Sv) per one time for 20 times or more every day or every two days (Hideo Irie, Radiation therapy respective for diseases, page 65, as described above).
As to other methods, the following applies “Irradiation of low dose ionized rays promotes cancer growth inside of the body. In the case of a terminal phase of cancer, an increase in a growing speed is eminent. However, the greatest effect of systemic irradiation by low dose ionized rays is to activate an anti-tumor protective mechanism in the body. As the result, growth and development of cancer are suppressed to lower the mortality by cancer.” (“Radioactive hormesis II” (1992, Soft Science K. K., Tokyo) (original book, T. D. LUCKEY, “RADIATION HORMESIS”, CRC Press, Inc., Boca Raton, 1991), page 103, the second paragraph). However, systemic irradiation is essential for the method, thus practical administration is quite difficult.
Thus, there is a need for a therapy, the administration of which is substantially easier and safer, a therapy that does not require a dangerous radiation source such as, for example, an X-ray irradiation device.
DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION
The inventor of the present application has investigated and discovered a therapy by means of very low dose radiation without systemic irradiation and invented a therapeutic instrument to be used for the therapy and a preparation method therefor. That is, the invention relates to a therapeutic instrument for treating psoriasis, atopic dermatitis, articular rheumatism and/or cancer or preventing the progress thereof which is composed of a solid radiation source having a half-life within a range of from 20 to 1.41×10
10
years and a radioactivity corresponding to a decay rate within a range of from 10 to 370 Becquerel/g with a solid material coating the same, characterized in that the above-mentioned solid material has a radiation face for radiating radial rays emitted from the said radiation source.
Psoriasis, atopic dermatitis, articular rheumatism and cancer to be targeted by the therapy include not only in human beings but also in general mammals such as domestic animals and pet animals.
From the therapeutic instrument according to the invention, very low dose radial rays are irradiated which are within an amount that is practically harmless to the human body even though radiation is continued on the human body for long periods such as, for example, several years.
The radioactivity range of the radiation source used in the invention of the application is within a limit of radioactivity concentration for nucleic materials of such a low level that any report to the Science and Technology Agency in Japan is not necessary. That is, it is within the limit corresponding to a decay rate range of 370 Becquerel/g or less. For respective radioactivity radiated from the solid radiation source, it means that radioactivity corresponds to the decay rate within a range of from 10 to 370 Becquerel/g, preferably from 100 to 370 Becquerel/g, more preferably from 200 to 370 Becquerel/g, and most preferably from 300 to 370 Becquerel/g, or furthermore preferably from 100 to 200 Becquerel/g, 100 to 320 Becquerel/g, 200 to 320 Becquerel/g or 150 to 270 Becquerel/g. If the human body is practically undamaged by irradiation for the long period, the total dose of various radial rays may exceed 370 Becquerel/g.
The radiation source is a radioactive element of
40
K,
87
Rb,
113
Cd,
116
In,
123
Te,
138
La,
144
Nd,
147
Sm,
148
Sm,
152
Gd,
176
Lu,
174
Hf,
187
Re,
188
Os,
190
Pt,
227
Th,
232
Th,
235
U,
237
Np or
238
U or a radioactive decay series in which
232
Th,
235
U,
237
Np or
238
U is a parent.
Preferably, the radiation source is a radioactive element of
232
Th,
235
U,
237
Np or
238
U or a radioactive decay series in which any of the elements is a parent.
More preferably, the radiation source is a radioactive element of
232
Th or
235
U or a radioactive decay series in which any of the elements is a parent.
Still more preferably, the radiation source is a radioactive element of
232
Th or a radioactive decay series in which the element is a parent.
The radiation source can maintain quite low dose radioactivity stably for the long period, wherein a half-life is within a range of from 20 to 1.41×10
10
years.
It is preferable that the radiation source is a natural ore, preferably a natural ore containing a radioactive element of
232
Th,
235
U,
237
Np or
238
U or a radioactive decay series in which any of the elements is parent, more preferably a radioactive element of
232
Th or
238
U or a radioactive decay series in which any of the elements is parent, and more preferably a radioactive element of
232
Th or a radioactive decay series in which the element is parent.
Preferably, the radiation source is monazite containing from 3 to 15% (calculated as
232
ThO
2
) of a radioactive decay series in which
232
Th is parent.
The solid material used in the therapeutic instrument according to the invention may be any solid material which can prevent scattering of the radiation source by coating the radiation source with the solid material and which can radiate &ggr;-ray with or without &bgr;-ray from the surface of the solid material in the therapeutic instrument according to the invention.
Methods of coating the radiation source with the solid material include coating the radiation source, which is generally in the form of gravel, granules or preferably powders, by placing them in a flexible or solid vessel such as a bag, a can and a box, and a method to coat the radiation source bodies or particles or body groups or particle groups in the form of gravel, granules or preferably powders with molten solid material individually and cooling them.
When using a ba
Cadugan Joseph A.
Morishige Fumie
Oliff & Berridg,e PLC
Shaver Kevin
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