Therapeutic and dietetic uses of a brain phospholipid-based comp

Details Therapeutic and dietetic uses of a brain phospholipid-based comp Therapeutic and dietetic uses of a brain phospholipid-based comp

1996-02-27

1998-12-29

Achutamurthy, Ponnathapura

Drug, bio-affecting and body treating compositions

Preparations characterized by special physical form

Food or edible as carrier for pharmaceutical

424520, 424570, 435 11, 435 67, A61K 3530, C12P 2300

Patent

active

058537473

DESCRIPTION:

BRIEF SUMMARY
The present invention relates to novel therapeutic and dietetic uses of a mixture of animal phospholipids.
More particularly the present invention has as a subject matter the use of a mixture of phospholipids extracted from mammalian brains, for the realization of compositions which are used in the therapeutic or nutritional domain.
Specifically it has as a subject matter the therapeutic or nutritional use of a preparation based on brain phospholipids extracted from pig brains for alleviating or delaying aging phenomenas and particularly the mental deterioration, hypoxia and cerebral aging.
The physiological aging is accompanied at the brain level of: lysoderivatives, and thus the ratio cholesterol/phospholipid is increased, which leads to a decrease of the membrane fluidity (G. CALDERINI, Phospholipids in the nervous system Vol.2 (1985)11-18- Raven Press). the peroxidation phenomena which worsen the biological activity of this polyunsaturated molecules (C.DEBY- La biochimie de l'oxygene- La Recherche 22 (1991) 57-64) phospholipase rate during aging and a decrease of the synthesis capacity of phospholipids ( A. GAITI- Phospholipids in the nervous system Vol.2 (1985) 155-161- Raven Press). the delta-6-desaturase is noted, which allows the transformation of essential fatty acids (18:2 n-6 et 18:3 n-3) in higher fatty acids and particularly in DHA (22:6 n-3) (JM BOURRE (1990) 25 354-356)
In the Alzheimer's disease, one is witnessing phenomenas of the same nature but not totally identical. triglycerides, cephalins, sphingomyelins and oxidized polyunsaturated fatty acids (H. DABADIE - Cahiers Nut. Diet. XXII (1987) 51-53). It may be molecules of brain phospholipids which have been damaged. disease, as the membrane deteriorates, have moreover been evidenced by G.ZUBENKO (Brain Research 385 (5) (1986) 115-121). mono and di-esters, what may mean either a lysis, either a regenerating effort of the membrane phospholipids. (J. W PETTEGREW-J. Neuropath.Exp.Neurology (1987) 46 419-430). peroxidation of the unsaturated lipids (L.S CHIABiochim Biophys.Acta 775 (1984)308-312) the efficacy of the brain phosphatidylserin at the dosage of 300 mg/day (L. AMADUCCI-Ann.NY Acad. Sci. 640 (1991) 245-249).
In brain ischemia and states of experimental hypoxia, one notes a marked increase of the pool of free fatty acids, and particularly, of the acids of 20:4 and 22:6 type as well as an increase of lysoderivatives and diglycerides. In the same way, several authors stated in increase of the rate of perodidation of unsaturated fatty acids. This accumulation in free fatty acids and oxidized compounds impair the brain functions (R. V. DORMAN (Phospholipids in the nervous system Vol.1 (1982) 123-135).
In other respects, one known for a long time, that brain hypoxia cause a marked decrease of the metabolism of brain phospholipids (D. A. CHTVERIKOV Nature 212 (1966) 1236-1238 et Y. DJORKIN-Nature 212 (1966) 1239-1240)
The entirety of these elements show that mental deteriorations caused by hypoxic states are associated with a deterioration of membrane phospholipids.
One consequently studied the interest of an exogenous supply of brain phospholipids with the intend to regenerate the cell membranes or to curb their deterioration at the time of physiological and pathological processes and to bring at the brain, specific fatty acids and particularly, acids in 20:4 n-6 and 22:6 n-3.
The cerebral phospholipids are characterized by the fact they contain a high percentage of long chain fatty acids, and particularly of the n-3 series. They represent 5% of the brain weight and have a considerable stuctural and metabolic role at the membrane level (Lipids malnutrition and the developing brain, Elsevier 1972).
The preparation contain a mixture of brain phospholipids in physiological proportion such as:


______________________________________ phosphatidylcholine 20 to 30% phosphatidylserine phosphatidyllinositol 17 to 25% phosphatidylethanolamine 30 to 40% sphingomyelin 6 to 10% plasmalogen (lipidic ether) 5 to 10% ____________________

REFERENCES:
patent: 4963527 (1990-10-01), Bombardelli
patent: 5562913 (1996-10-01), Horrobin
Lehninger et al. Principles of Biochemistry2nd ed., 1993, pp. 341, 344, 886.
Scandalios, Physiological Genetics , 1979, p. 40-41.

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