Chemistry: molecular biology and microbiology – Measuring or testing process involving enzymes or... – Involving virus or bacteriophage
Patent
1993-05-06
1996-06-11
Nucker, Christine M.
Chemistry: molecular biology and microbiology
Measuring or testing process involving enzymes or...
Involving virus or bacteriophage
435 71, 435 72, 435 721, 435 722, 435 723, 435 724, 435 792, 435 793, 435 794, 435 795, 435974, 435975, G01N 3353
Patent
active
055254616
DESCRIPTION:
BRIEF SUMMARY
1. INTRODUCTION
The present invention is directed to the measurement of total leukocyte surface antigens, such as T cell receptors and T cell differentiation antigens or fragments thereof, and the application of such measurements in the diagnosis and therapy of diseases and disorders. The present invention is also directed to the measurement of soluble leukocyte antigens or fragments thereof, in conjunction with the measurement of total leukocyte surface antigens and the application of such dual measurements in the diagnosis and therapy of diseases and disorders. The measurement of such molecules, and preferably a plurality of such molecules, can be used in monitoring the effect of a therapeutic treatment, detecting and/or diagnosing disease.
2. BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION
2.1. LEUKOCYTE SURFACE MOLECULES
Clusters of differentiation (CD) have been established which define human leukocyte differentiation antigens (Bernard and Boumsell, 1984, Hum. Immunol. 11:1-10; Knapp et al., 1989, Immunol. Today 10:253:258; Gebel et al., 1988, ASHI Quarterly 12:11; Leukocyte Typing III: White Cell Differentiation Antigens. Ed., McMichael, A. J. 1987. Oxford University Press. Oxford), by the comparison of reactivities of monoclonal antibodies directed against the differentiation antigens. The T cell surface antigens, their classification into epitope-defined subgroups, and their distributions on T cells have been studied by use of monoclonal antibodies directed against human T cells (Clark et al., 1983, Immunogenetics 18:599-615; Hansen et al., 1984, in Leucocyte Typing, Bernard, A., et al., eds., Springer-Verlag, New York, pp. 195-212). Some of the T cell clusters of differentiation and other cell surface molecules are listed in Table I.
These cell surface markers serve as markers of cell lineage, the identity of the functional T cell subset to which the T cell belongs, and the activation state of the T cell. Several of the cell surface molecules have been studied in great detail, have been found to be important in initiating and regulating immune functions and are critical to communication processes between immune cells.
TABLE I ______________________________________
LEUKOCYTE SURFACE MOLECULES
Cell Detection
Surface Monoclonal Refer-
Marker Expression Antibodies ences
______________________________________
T cell Antigen
All T cells and
T40/25, 1, 2, 3, 4,
Receptor T cell subsets
.alpha.F1, .beta.F1,
5, 6
.delta.TCS1,
TCR.delta.1,C.gamma.M1
CD1 Thymocytes & OKT6
Langerhans NAI/34
Calls, Lukemia
Cells
NK cell NK cells NC-37 7
receptor specific
antibodies
Cell Adhesion
Molecules
CD2 All T cells OKT11 8, 9, 10
Leu5
B67.1
CD58 (LFA-3)
Leukocytes, TS2/9 11
epithelial
CD3 Pan T cell OKT3 12
Leu4
CD4 Helper/Inducer
OKT4 12
Subsets of T Leu3a
cells
CD5 T.B subsets UCHT2 11
T1
CD7 T Cells 3Al 11
CD8 Supressor/ .alpha. Chain:
13, 14
Cytotoxic OKT8
Subsets of T Leu2a
cells .beta. Chain:
14a
T8/2T8
.beta.2 integrins
LeuCAM leukocyte cell 11
adhesion
molecules
CD11a (LFA-1)
myeloid, 11, 15
lymphoid
CD11b myeloid 11, 15,
(MAC-1 (CR3)) 16, 17,
18, 19
CD11c (CR4)
myeloid 11, 15
CD16 (FcR111)
Natural Killer,
HUNK2 11
Macrophages 3G8
Granulocytes
CD21 (CR2) B subset B2 11, 20
HB5
CD23 (FC.epsilon.R11)
B subset MHM6 11
Blast-2
CD25 TAC IL-2 Anti-TAC 21
Receptor 7G7/B6
(Activated T
Cells)
CD30 Activated T, B
Ki-1 11
Cells HSR4
Reed-Steinberg
Cells
CD35 (CR1) Granulocytes, B
YZ-1 11, 22
cells, monocytes
J3D3
.beta.3 integrins
CD41 11, 23
CD51 11, 23
Homing Leukocytes, 33-3B3 24
Receptors brain GRHL1 25, 26
CD44
Mel-14
.beta.1 integrins
CD49a-f(VLA-1)
Extra cellular 27, 23
VLA-2, VLA-3,
Matrix (ECM)
VLA-4
CD56 Natural Killer
NKH1 11
(NKH1, NCAM)
Activated Leu19
lymphocytes
CD71 Transferring 11, 28
Receptor,
Proliferating
cells
______________________________________
List of References for Table I
1 Brenner et al., 1984, J. Exp.
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Nucker Christine M.
Stucker Jeffrey
T Cell Diagnostics, Inc.
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