Textile silica sliver, its manufacture and use

Details Textile silica sliver, its manufacture and use Textile silica sliver, its manufacture and use

1995-05-10

1996-10-22

Edwards, Newton

Stock material or miscellaneous articles

Coated or structually defined flake, particle, cell, strand,...

428359, 428379, 19236, 264204, 501 4, 501 95, D02G 300

Patent

active

055675166

DESCRIPTION:

BRIEF SUMMARY
FIELD OF THE INVENTION

The invention relates to textile silica sliver, its manufacture, as well as the use of the silica sliver.


BACKGROUND OFF THE INVENTION

Textile products made from textile quartz, leached silica and silica fibers have been known in some cases for a long time. They are made according to different processes and consist of pure or nearly pure silicon dioxide (Ullmanns Enzyklopadie der technischen Chemie, 4th Edition (1977) Vol. II, pp. 359-374 , Verlag Chemie, Weinheim/Bergstr. and Melliand Textilber. (1989), pp. 629-632).
Depending on processing conditions and on the single fiber length, the following primary fiber types can be distinguished according to Koch P. A.: Faserstofftabellen, Textilglasfasem (Z.ges.Textilind. 69 (1967), pp. 839-846): diameter of the single fiber fiber.
Linear products made of textile fibers include among others the following: fibers in a practically parallel arrangement (not or nearly not twisted staple fibers). The sliver has a defined linear density and is the source material of staple fiber yarns and plied yarns.
Textile fibers are processed to linear products such as, e.g., yarns and to areal products such as, e.g., fabrics or braidings; they can be used too for reinforcement of a matrix, e.g., of synthetics for the manufacture of composites.
The so-called quartz glass fibers and filament yarns which have established themselves on the market are manufactured by the rod spinning process formed from a quartz melt at temperatures greater than 2000.degree. C. Considerable technical resources are required, which means that the prices for the corresponding products are relatively high.
It is also possible to leach glass filament yarn and the textile products manufactured therefrom with acids (DE-OS 2 609 419, GP-PS 2094 363). Leached silica products manufactured by this method are used up to 1100.degree. C. As, however, their mechanical properties are very weak, in the case of textiles heavy fabrics around 600-1300 g/m.sup.2 are mainly used. It has not been possible to establish a broad field of application in textile processing of the respective yarns because of these weak mechanical properties.
It has, however, been possible to manufacture silica fibers with excellent properties by a new production method under advantageous conditions, (DE-PS 2 900 990 and DE-PS 2 900 991). A sodium silicate filament yarn with a drawing off speed of at least 30 m/min (in an example at least 350 m/min) is manufactured in a first processing step from sodium silicate solutions by the dry spinning process. This product, which tends to hydrolyze, is transformed to silica fibers by treatment with acid and/or salt solutions containing hydrogen ions at a retention time of 1 to 15 minutes.
DE-PS 2 900 991 does not give details as to the conditions under which the sodium silicate fibers are fed immediately from the dry spinning unit into the treatment bath: due to the different processing speeds and retention times this is not easily understandable from a technical point of view. In the examples quoted in the DE-PS 2 900 991 also, reference is made to the transformation of "yarn pieces of 1 m length" and Patent claims 6 to 9 clearly refer to the product type "fiber" in the sense of staple fiber or fiber short cut. For chemico-physical reasons textile products made of quartz, leached silica and silica fibers can be used up to ca. 1100.degree. C. The DE-PS 2 900 991 quoted does not however report on this.
Since about 1943 textile glass silver has been manufactured in a one stage process by the drum drawing process (DE-PS 715 884, GB-PS 755 626, DE-AS 1 199 935, DE-AS 1 270 748). Glass is melted at 1250.degree. to 1300.degree. C. and drawn by a rotating drum from a bushing at a speed of V.sub.1 up to approx. 50 m/sec. The adjoining continuous glass filaments are scraped off the drum with the additional aid of a flow of air prior to complete rotation on the drum. Over the width of the drum there is a cone-shaped collecting channel; the sliver formed here is pulled out of the pointed end

REFERENCES:
patent: 3996145 (1976-12-01), Hepburn
patent: 4018616 (1977-04-01), Sugahara et al.
patent: 4080915 (1978-03-01), Bompard et al.
patent: 4786017 (1988-11-01), Wegerhoff et al.

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