Measuring and testing – Coating material: ink adhesive and/or plastic
Reexamination Certificate
1999-11-30
2001-04-17
Noori, Max (Department: 2855)
Measuring and testing
Coating material: ink adhesive and/or plastic
Reexamination Certificate
active
06216531
ABSTRACT:
BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION
This invention relates generally to testing tools, and more particularly, to testing tool adapters for shear testing of adhesives used in securing wooden flooring to structural members and in securing gypsum-based wallboard to framing.
The American Society for Testing and Materials (ASTM) has developed testing standards for shear testing. Two of the testing standards are C 557-93a—Standard Specification for Adhesives for Fastening Gypsum Wallboard to Wood Framing (hereinafter ASTM C 557) and D 3498-93—Standard Specification for Adhesives for Field-Gluing Plywood to Lumber Framing for Floor Systems (hereinafter ASTM D 3498). In these two standards, ASTM specifies a protocol as to how a shear test should be performed. ASTM sets forth in these standards, the types of materials to be used, the starting conditions of the test, the duration of the test, the manner in which the test is conducted, and the minimum requirements for passing the test. Additionally, ASTM recommends a test method and device which may be used to perform the shear tests in D 905-94—Standard Test Method for Strength Properties of Adhesive Bonds in Shear by Compression Loading (hereinafter ASTM D 905). ASTM D 905 is herein incorporated by reference.
This known testing machine has significant disadvantages. Its structure limits its use to only a compression testing machine, and not a tension testing machine. The time involved to change test specimens is long. When initially positioning the specimen, it is necessarily preloaded with the weight of the blade. The prior art machine is without a mechanism to correct the shear test results for the weight of the blade. Indeed, specification D 905-94 indicates that many factors will bias the measurement obtained with the testing tool described therein, such as the design of the shear strength testing tool.
Another problem is that the prior art testing tool is made of steel. The machine was deliberately constructed out of steel because the design required the strength of the steel in order to have the machine sustain the forces applied to it. However, the use of steel causes significant problems. The weight of the steel that aided in the shear test causes operator fatigue problems because the operator must manually lift the heavy blade while positioning the test specimen. Additionally, the heavy blade frequently is dropped by the operator falling on the operator's hand or on the test specimen—potentially ruining the specimen because of the impact loading. This process of manually lifting the blade, and positioning the specimen is time-consuming. Additionally, the cost of manufacturing this testing device in steel is high. Different shear testing machines are required under ASTM C 557 and D 3498.
As such, a need currently exists for a shear testing device of universal utility in that it can be used in both compression and tension testing modes, and which is safer and easier to use, less expensive to construct and operate, and lest likely to exhibit a testing bias wherein the test specimens can be of varying size without changing the adapter, and can be operated in a tension or compression force-producing setting.
The present invention recognizes and addresses the foregoing disadvantages, and other prior art constructions.
SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION
Accordingly, it is a general object of the present invention to provide a new and improved shear testing machine adapter
It is another object of the present invention to provide a testing adapter that can be used to carry out the tests set forth in either ASTM C 557 and ASTM D 3498 shear testing specifications.
It is still another object of the present invention to design a testing device to test the shear strength of an adhesive using either a compression or tension mode wherein the testing specimen is firmly held so that the forces applied to the testing specimen are directly applied to testing specimen.
A further object of the invention is to provide a safe, easy and quick to use shear testing adapter.
Yet another object of the invention is to provide a shear testing adapter for a variety of testing specimen sizes.
Still another object of the invention is to provide a lower cost testing tool.
These and other objects of the present invention are achieved by providing a shear testing tool that can be easily connected to an Instron testing machine for testing the shear strength of adhesives bonding together gypsum wallboard to wood framing and wood flooring to wood framing.
The present invention accomplishes these objects through its unique and novel structure. In accordance with the principles of the present invention and as exemplified by a first embodiment of the invention, a testing tool is provided having two force-imposing blocks. One block is held stationary by the testing machine, while the other block is made movable by connecting it to the moving element of the testing machine. One of the blocks can slide within a cavity of the first block. This second block is held in the cavity by means of a retaining frame and is slidable thereon under controlled effort such as by the drive member on an Instron testing machine. Each of the two blocks has an opening formed therein and which lie adjacent to each other so that a bifurcated test specimen opening, or window, is formed having at least one pair of opposing bearing surfaces on which opposite ends of the test specimen may be placed so the test specimen experiences a testing force.
In a second embodiment of the invention, the movable testing block has a moveable mounting plate formed thereon that is capable of movement from side-to-side within the testing block. This movement is close to a pivoting, or rocking movement, and permits the testing force to be uniformly exerted on test specimens that may have less than perfect edges.
These and other objects, features, and advantages of the present invention will be clearly understood through a consideration of the following detailed description.
REFERENCES:
patent: 3788135 (1974-01-01), Hammond, Jr.
patent: 4010641 (1977-03-01), Krieger, Jr.
patent: 4041806 (1977-08-01), Klar
patent: 4612805 (1986-09-01), Bruce et al.
ASTM C557-93a—Specification for Adhesives for Fastening Gypsum Wallboard to Wood Framing, Published 2/1994.
ASTM D905-94—Method for Strength Properties of Adhesive Bonds in Shear by Compression Loading, Published 8/1994.
ASTM D3498-93—Specification for Adhesives for Field-Gluing Plywood to Lumber Framing for Floor Systems, Published 2/1994.
Flexible Products Company
Noori Max
Vedder Price Kaufman & Kammholz
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