Drug – bio-affecting and body treating compositions – Baits – attractants – or lures
Reexamination Certificate
1997-12-02
2002-11-05
Pak, John (Department: 1616)
Drug, bio-affecting and body treating compositions
Baits, attractants, or lures
C514S703000, C514S546000, C514S549000, C514S552000, C514S693000, C514S724000, C514S739000, C514S919000
Reexamination Certificate
active
06475479
ABSTRACT:
The present invention relates to the use of terpenes for reducing the pheromone action on Lepidoptera, and to a method which allows terpenes to act on the habitat of the Lepidoptera.
The use of pheromones, in particular mixtures of components of sex pheromones, in the control of Lepidoptera, which comprise harmful insects such as grape moths, codling moths, summer fruit tortrix moths, oriental fruit moths, cotton bollworms, peach twig borers, clearwing moths and leafworms, belongs to the prior art.
Sex pheromones are sex attractants which are produced and secreted into the environment, in the case of Lepidoptera, by female or male animals which are ready to mate and attract male or female Lepidoptera of the same type.
Fundamentally, there are three different possibilities of using sex attractants in crop protection:
pheromone traps, equipped with synthetic sex attractant lures, are suspended in potential areas of attack. The capture of male moths in the traps furnishes proof of the occurrence of this pest. It is an important aid in integrated crop protection for determining a suitable date for control using conventional methods (monitoring technique).
by combination of an attractant with insecticidal active compounds. There is the possibility of adding insecticides to the lure or the trap or else of treating only the immediate surroundings of the trap. The largest part of the male moth population attracted from a wide range can thus be killed (capture technique). The biotope loading is reduced to a justifiable extent.
by the method of saturating the airspace with sex attractants or similarly acting substances. The male butterflies are interrupted from finding the females and thus the mating of the animals is prevented. In this case, a relatively large amount of the attractant is distributed uniformly in the airspace in the total area of the plant crop to be protected such that the males can sense the presence of the attractant everywhere and their normal orientation behavior is disturbed.
Even in this last-mentioned procedure for the use of sex attractants, only comparatively small amounts of the active compounds, which often only correspond to fragments of the customary doses of the classic insecticidal active compounds, are needed. (Birch (ed.): Pheromones North Holland Publ. Co. (1974)). What is concerned here is an extremely selective, nontoxic control method with the greatest possible protection of the nontarget organisms, in particular the useful animals. However, the natural sex attractants which are produced by the appropriate organs of the female animals are often accessible with difficulty synthetically.
In a method for the prognosis of the occurrence of Lobesia, the Lobesia sex attractant E7,Z9-dodecadienyl-1-acetate, applied as lures in traps, is used in viticulture as described in DE Patent 24 40 759. Specific control of the grape berry moth has been possible in practice since 1994 using the known sex attractant E7,Z9-dodecadienyl-1-acetate.
Laboratory and small-scale experiments for affecting Lobesia botrana males by the confusion technique using the original sex attractant, E7,Z9-dodecadienyl-1-acetate, and using similar substances, namely Z9-dodecenyl-1-acetate, E7-dodecenyl-1-acetate and E7,E9-dodecadienyl-1-acetate, have been carried out with varying success (ROEHRICH et al., Ann. Zool. Ecol. quim. 1979, p. 659 ff. and the sources indicated there, GUREVITZ and GOTHILF, Phytoparasitica 10 p. 140 (1982)).
DE-C 36 03 377 describes a mixture of Z9-dodecenyl-1-acetate and E7-dodecenyl-1-acetate for controlling Lobesia botrana.
It is common to all the methods described that pheromones are always used which attract the Lepidoptera.
Helmut Snoek in Duftstoffe, p. 36, Eigenverlag 1992, describes another route by confusing the insect female with ethereal oils so that it does not find the test plant necessary for laying eggs. On p. 39, however, Helmut Snoek comes to the conclusion that large-area monocrops cannot be effectively protected by aromatic products.
It was an object of the present invention to make available further methods for controlling Lepidoptera effectively. Surprisingly, it has been found that the pheromone action on Lepidoptera can be reduced using terpenes.
Terpenes suitable for the present invention are acyclic, monocyclic and bicyclic terpenes, sesquiterpenes, diterpenes and mixtures thereof including E and Z isomers thereof or optical antipodes thereof.
Suitable acyclic terpenes include terpene hydrocarbons such as ocimene, myrcene, terpene alcohols such as geraniol, nerol, linalool, citronellol, nerolidol, prenol (dimethylallyl alcohol), tetrahydrolinalool, geranylgeraniol, 2,6-dimethylheptan-2-ol, terpene aldehydes such as citral, neral, citronellal, tetrahydrocitronellal (2,5,7,7-tetramethyloctanol), terpene ketones such as &agr;-ionone, &bgr;-ionone, geranylacetone, phytol, isophytol, retinal and mixtures thereof.
Suitable monocyclic terpenes include monocyclic terpene hydrocarbons such as &agr;-terpinene, &ggr;-terpinene, terpinolene, &agr;-phellandrene, &bgr;-phellandrene, limonene, dipentene, monocyclic terpene alcohols such as menthol, &agr;-terpineol, 1,8-terpine, monocyclic terpene ketones such as menthone, pulegone, carvone and mixtures thereof.
Suitable bicyclic terpenes include the carane group with carane, carone and carvenone, the pinane group with pinane, &agr;-pinene and &bgr;-pinene and the bornane group with bornane and camphor, and mixtures thereof.
Suitable sesquiterpenes include the acyclic sesquiterpenes such as farnesol, nerolidol, monocyclic sesquiterpenes such as bisabolene, bicyclic sesquiterpenes such as cadinene, &bgr;-selinene, tricyclic sesquiterpenes such as &agr;-santalene, and mixtures thereof.
Suitable diterpenes include phytol, isophytol, retinal and mixtures thereof.
Those preferred are citral, nerolidol, prenol (dimethylallyl alcohol), tetrahydrolinalool, geranylgeraniol, 2,6-dimethylheptan-2-ol, neral, citronellal, tetrahydrocitronellal (2,5,7,7-tetramethyloctanol), geranylacetone, phytol, isophytol, retinal and mixtures thereof.
Those particularly preferred are citral, nerolidol, prenol (dimethylallyl alcohol), tetrahydrolinalool, geranylgeraniol, 2,6-dimethylheptan-2-ol, neral, citronellal, tetrahydrocitronellal (2,5,7,7-tetramethyloctanol), geranylacetone and mixtures thereof.
Those furthermore preferred are citral, neral, citronellal, tetrahydrocitronellal (2,5,7,7-tetramethyloctanol), geranylacetone and mixtures thereof.
In the context of the present invention, citral has proven to be very particularly effective.
Both liquid and solid preparations are suitable for formulation, according to the invention, of the terpenes. Suitable solvents are high-boiling, aromatic, aliphatic or cycloaliphatic compounds. Beside hydrocarbons, esters, ethers, silicone oils or ketones are particularly highly suitable. Typical representatives of these classes are, for example: xylene, methylnaphthalenes, liquid paraffins, cyclohexanone, ethyl glycol acetate, isophorone and dibutyl phthalate. These solvents can be used on their own or as mixtures with other components. Solutions in vegetable, animal or synthetic oils or fats and other evaporation-inhibiting solvents of low vapor pressure, eg. higher C
10
-C
20
-alkyl acetates or straight-chain or branched C
1
-C
8
-dialkyl phthalates, can furthermore be prepared for the purposes of prolonging the action.
The terpenes can furthermore also be used as a mixture with pheromones and related aromatic substances. Suitable pheromones are described, for example, in Heinrich Arn, List of Sex Pheromones of Lepidoptera and Related Attractants, Organisation Internationale de Lutte Biologique Section Regionale Ouest Palearctique, 1986.
Examples of suitable pheromones are Z9-dodecenyl-1-acetate, Z8-dodecenyl-1-acetate, E7-dodecenyl-1-acetate, E5-decenyl-1-acetate, E5-decen-1-ol, E7,Z9-dodecadienyl-1-acetate, Z11-tetradecenyl-1-acetate, Z9-tetradecenyl-1-acetate, Z8-tetradecenyl-1-acetate, E8,E10-dodecadien-1-ol, Z3,Z13-octadecadienyl-1-acetate and E2,Z13-octadecadienyl-1-acetate.
If pheromo
de Kramer Jacobus Jan
Klein Ulrich
Krieg Wolfgang
Meiwald Mechtild
Neumann Ulrich
BASF - Aktiengesellschaft
Keil & Weinkauf
Pak John
LandOfFree
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