Surgery: light – thermal – and electrical application – Light – thermal – and electrical application – Thermal applicators
Patent
1998-11-09
2000-12-26
Dvorak, Linda C. M.
Surgery: light, thermal, and electrical application
Light, thermal, and electrical application
Thermal applicators
607101, 600 9, 600 10, 600 12, A61F 200
Patent
active
061673137
DESCRIPTION:
BRIEF SUMMARY
The present invention relates to a method for treating a patient using targeted hysteresis therapy. In particular, it relates to a method of treating patients using site directed hysteresis heat loss.
Diseases of the human body such as malignant tumours are generally treated by excision, chemotherapy, radiotherapy or a combination of these approaches. Each of these is subject to limitations which effects clinical utility. Excision may not be appropriate where the disease presents as a diffuse mass or is in a surgically inoperable locality. Chemotherapeutic agents are generally non-specific, thus resulting in the death of normal and diseased cells. As with chemotherapy, radiotherapy is also non-specific and results in the death of normal tissues exposed to ionising radiation. Furthermore, some diseases such as tumours may be relatively resistant to ionizing radiation. This is a particular problem with the core of a tumour mass.
Hyperthermia has been proposed as a cancer treatment. There is a great deal of published evidence to confirm that hyperthermia is effective in treating diseases like cancerous growths. The therapeutic benefit of hyperthermia therapy is mediated through two principal mechanisms: (1) a directly tumouricidal effect on tissue by raising temperatures to greater than 42.degree. C. resulting in irreversible damage to cancer cells; and (2) hyperthermia is known to sensitise cancer cells to the effects of radiation therapy and to certain chemotherapeutic drugs. The lack of any cumulative toxicity associated with hyperthermia therapy, in contrast to radiotherapy or chemotherapy, is further justification for seeking to develop improved systems for hyperthermia therapy.
Mammalian cells sustain hyperthermic damage in a time/temperature and cell-cycle dependent manner. This cellular response to heat is in turn modified by a variety of intra- and extra-cellular environmental factors. The intra-cellular factors that influence hyperthermic cell damage include intrinsic variation between different species, organs and even cell lines. The extra-cellular factors include the oxygen and nutritional status of cells, the pH of the extra-cellular mileiu, the absolute temperature rise and the hyperthermic duration.
Although there is some evidence that neoplastic cells are more sensitive than their normal tissue counterparts to the effects of hyperthermia, this is not a universal finding and several recent studies have demonstrated that tissue susceptibility to hyperthermic damage is not strongly linked to a cell's neoplastic-normal status.
A number of studies have confirmed that hyperthermia and radiotherapy are synergistic. Even small fractions of a degree of temperature variation can significantly alter the prospects of cells surviving a radiation insult.
Factors affecting the synergistic action of hyperthermia and radiotherapy include the degree of duration of hyperthermia, the sequence of hyperthermia and radiotherapy, the fractionated and total dose of radiation, the pH of the extra-cellular milieu, the oxic state and nutrient status of cells and the histological type and malignant status of the cells.
Cells in the central avascular compartment of tumours are invariably acidotic hypoxic and in a state of nutritional deprivation. All these factors appear to potentiate independently the effect of hyperthermia. By the same token, severely hypoxic cells are approximately three times more resistant to ionising radiation than oxic cells. Of major importance is the fact that although these hypoxic cells might survive the effects of radiation, hyperthermia can partly overcome this radioresistance and can potentiate radiotherapeutic killing of acidotic and hypoxic cells.
There are many problems associated with the currently available methods for inducing clinical hyperthermia in patients. Normal body tissues and organs are heat sensitive and at temperatures of greater than 42.degree. C. many tissues will undergo irreversible damage. The current available methods of delivering clinical hyperthermia are non-specifi
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Gray Bruce Nathaniel
Jones Stephen Keith
Dvorak Linda C. M.
Ruddy David M.
Sirtex Medical Limited
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