Chemistry: molecular biology and microbiology – Maintaining blood or sperm in a physiologically active state...
Reexamination Certificate
1996-10-28
2001-02-20
Celsa, Bennett (Department: 1627)
Chemistry: molecular biology and microbiology
Maintaining blood or sperm in a physiologically active state...
C424S530000, C424S532000, C422S044000
Reexamination Certificate
active
06190855
ABSTRACT:
FIELD OF THE INVENTION
The invention generally relates to the eradication of contaminants using photodynamic therapy. The invention also generally relates to the processing of whole blood and its components for storage and transfusion. In a more specific sense, the invention relates to the extracorporeal treatment of collected whole blood and its components with photoactive materials to eradicate viruses and other pathogenic contaminants.
BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION
With the coming of blood component therapy, most whole blood collected today is separated into its clinically proven components for storage and administration. The clinically proven components of whole blood include red blood cells, used to treat chronic anemia; platelet-poor plasma, from which Clotting Factor VIII-rich cryoprecipitate can be obtained for the treatment of hemophilia; and concentrations of platelets, used to control thrombocytopenic bleeding.
It is well known that blood can carry infectious agents like hepatitis-B virus; the human immunodeficiency (AIDS) virus; the Herpes virus; and the influenza virus. To avoid the transmission of these infectious agents during blood transfusions, donors of blood are routinely screened and also undergo serologic testing to detect the presence of these agents. Still, it is difficult to always assure that these infectious agents are detected.
The use of photodynamic therapy has been suggested as a way to eradicate infectious agents from collected blood and its components. Still, there has been a general lack of success in economically adapting the benefits of photodynamic therapy to the demands of the blood banking industry. One reason for this is that not all biological contaminants are carried free within the blood where they can be readily coupled to photoactive agents. Some biological contaminants are entrained on or within white blood cells out of the reach of photoactive agents.
For this and other reasons, the promise of photodynamic therapy in treating the nation's banked blood supply has gone largely unfulfilled.
SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION
The invention provides improved systems and methods for treating blood constituents to adventitious viral agents.
One aspect of the invention provides systems and methods which remove viral agents from plasma. The systems and methods remove from the plasma targeted cellular matter that does or might entrain viral agents. In a preferred embodiment, the targeted cellular matter includes leukocytes. The system and methods add to the plasma a photoactive material, which binds to viral agents that are free of entrainment by the targeted cellular matter. Radiation emitted at a selected wavelength into the plasma activates the photoactive material and thereby eradicates the free viral agents.
In a preferred embodiment, a system for treating plasma comprises tubing adapted to be coupled a plasma source, and a filter in the tubing to separate cellular matter from the plasma conveyed from the source. The system includes a transfer container coupled to the tubing to receive cellular matter-reduced plasma from the filter, and a source of photoactive material to be mixed with the plasma. In this embodiment, the tubing includes a path to vent air from the transfer container in a path that bypasses the filter.
In a preferred embodiment, systems and methods remove viral agents entrained within the cellular matter by conveying plasma in a first path through a filter. The systems and methods convey the cellular matter-reduced plasma from the filter in a second path, which includes a connected transfer container. The systems and methods mix the cellular matter-reduced plasma with a photoactive material within the transfer container, forming a plasma mixture.
In this embodiment, the systems and methods convey a portion of the plasma mixture from the transfer container in a flush path, which includes the second path, to thereby expose residual contaminants in the second path to the photoactive material. The systems and methods then separate the transfer container from the filter by severing the second path. After severance from the filter, a remnant of the second path remains attached to the transfer container. However, due to the prior flushing step, all contaminants in the attached second path remnant have been exposed to the photoactive material. Subsequent radiation of the transfer container thereby eradicates contaminants, which are free of entrainment by cellular matter, both within the transfer container and the attached second path remnant.
In a preferred embodiment, the flush path by passes the filter and also provides a path to vent air from the transfer container.
Another aspect of the invention provides systems and methods for treating plasma using multi-stage filtration, which targets for removal different species of cellular matter. The systems and methods separate a first species of cellular matter by filtration through a first filter media, thereby removing contaminants entrained within the first species of cellular matter. The systems and methods separating a second species of cellular matter by filtration through a second filter media, thereby removing contaminants entrained within the second species of cellular matter. The systems and methods add to the plasma a photoactive material and emit radiation at a selected wavelength into the plasma to activate the photoactive material, thereby eradicating the contaminant that is free of entrainment by cellular matter. In a preferred embodiment, the first filtration media targets leukocytes for removal, while the second filtration media targets platelets for removal.
Another aspect of the invention provides a kit that envelopes photoactive material in an overwrap that includes a light filtering material. The light filtering material absorbs light that activates the photoactive material. The presence of the light filtering material in the overwrap protects the photoactive material from photo-degradation due to absorption of ambient light during handling and storage prior to use.
In a preferred embodiment, the photoactive material within the kit includes methylene blue. In this embodiment, the light filtering material includes a blue material having phthalocyanine pigments.
In a preferred embodiment, the photoactive material is contained in liquid form within the kit. In this embodiment, the overwrap also includes material that reduces liquid vapor loss from the kit.
Other features and advantages of the invention will be pointed out in, or will be apparent from, the drawings, specification and claims that follow.
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Bischof Daniel F.
Chapman John
de Gheldere Serge
Herman Robert E.
Mathias Jean M
Baxter International Inc.
Celsa Bennett
Ponnaluri P.
Rockwell Amy L. H.
Ryan Daniel D.
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