Boots – shoes – and leggings
Patent
1988-03-07
1990-03-13
Gruber, Felix D.
Boots, shoes, and leggings
73618, 73620, G01N 2906, G01S 1589
Patent
active
049087746
DESCRIPTION:
BRIEF SUMMARY
BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION
1. Field of the invention
This invention relates to the production and recording of inhomogeneities in otherwise homogeneous objects having a plane or locally substantially plane surface, by ultrasonic examination according to the pulse echo method. The production and recording of correct and well-defined images of internal inhomogeneities is a matter of the greatest importance for the correct location and sizing of internal flaws in materials and welded joints, and thus for the safety and fitness for purpose of important structures and installations.
2. Background of the Prior Art
In the ultrasonic examination art, great efforts have been made to develop improved systems for the location and sizing of flaws in materials and welded joints, in particular systems producing easily readable images of internal flaws. In many systems this has been made possible through the use of digital computing means including electronic matrix memories for the storage of echo data which may then be analysed, displayed on video monitors as grey scale or colour images, and permanently recorded by magnetic recording means or permanent prints.
Examples of extensive descriptions of ultrasonic examination systems of this kind for producing sectional views (B-scan displays) and plan views (C-scan displays) are Flathery U.S. Pat. No. 3,673,860 and Beller U.S. Pat. No. 3,857,052. Improved systems for the storage and display of complete projection images (P-scan displays) of flaws located in the interior of materials and welded joints have been described in Lund U.S. Pat. Nos. 3,939,697 and 4,226,122. However, none of the prior art examination systems have been entirely satisfactory.
The major and overriding problems in ultrasonic examination have not been associated with the ultrasonic equipment and techniques themselves, but with the complete and objective analysis and interpretation of the data, in particular the exact location and sizing of flaws. Small, but significant anomalies in the data are often overlooked, because the data is irregular and noisy, and the unavoidable beam spread of the ultrasonic sound beam leads to indistinct outlines of the flaw images.
SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION
The system according to the present invention has been evolved with the general object of overcoming the disadvantages of the prior art by providing sectional and projection views showing flaw images of hitherto unknown precision and sharpness of definition.
According to the invention, there is provided an examination system comprising at least one ultrasonic probe which can be moved over the surface of the object in steps of predetermined lengths along a rectilinear scanning path containing the projection on the surface of the central axis of the sound beam; position signal producing means adapted to produce digital signals containing information on the positions on said surface of the successive points of incidence of the sound beam; ultrasonic equipment adapted to make said probe emit, on completion of each step of movement, at least one short pulse of ultrasonic energy into the object, and adapted, on receipt of an echo pulse, to produce digital echo signals containing information on the amplitude of said pulse, and on the length of the sound path from said point of incidence to the reflecting point causing the echo pulse; digital computing means, including a first electronic matrix memory for data produced by the examination, said first matrix memory having storage addresses arranged in lines and columns associated with a similar, corresponding network of lines and columns of rectangular coordinates in the sectional plane through the object defined by the scanning path of the ultrasonic probe and the central axis of the sound beam, each storage address being adapted to store data representing said echo amplitudes, and adapted, on receipt of a new data item, to add said new data item to the sum of data items previously stored at said storage address; first control means for storing in said first matrix memory, upo
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Kristensen Willy D.
Lund Svend A.
Akademiet for De Tekniske Videnskaber
Gruber Felix D.
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