System for estimating target velocity from pulse echoes in respo

Details System for estimating target velocity from pulse echoes in respo System for estimating target velocity from pulse echoes in respo

1994-02-10

1995-05-30

Manuel, George

Surgery

Truss

Pad

1286531, 73597, A61B 800

Patent

active

054193311

ABSTRACT:
In order to avoid the use of complex transform and correlation techniques for estimating the velocity of a target from which ultrasonic RF bursts are received as return echoes, the time of occurrence of successive returns are compared with a plurality of delay trajectories each representing a different target velocity. The trajectory with which the returns match with minimum variance, or maximum likelihood of being in time coincidence, provides an estimate of the velocity of the target. In different embodiments the RF return, the envelope of the return or the quadrature components thereof are processed to determine to which delay trajectory they are most proximal. The search for the delay trajectory is called a "butterfly search" in two dimensions (slow time or transmitted pulse repetition periods and fast time or range). Each butterfly line corresponds to a distinct linear velocity. The criterion that a signal corresponding to the returns should be equal in amplitude at all points along the correct trajectory may be used for envelope and RF signals. The use of the quadrature components is preferred in noisy environments, such as where the target is the scatterers in blood flow and blood flow velocity is to be determined. In the embodiment using the quadrature components, each butterfly line is searched for corresponding normalized likelihood ratio maxima, since such maxima occur on the correct butterfly line. The butterfly search can be implemented with less computation complexity than correlation or transform operations heretofore used for blood flow velocity estimation, and with fewer repeat pulses, and the results are more accurate in the presence of noise.

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