Liquid purification or separation – Processes – Liquid/liquid solvent or colloidal extraction or diffusing...
Patent
1994-10-28
1997-11-11
Fortuna, Ana
Liquid purification or separation
Processes
Liquid/liquid solvent or colloidal extraction or diffusing...
210641, 210651, 210652, 2101952, 2102572, 426491, 426801, 426583, B01D 6100
Patent
active
056859902
DESCRIPTION:
BRIEF SUMMARY
TECHNICAL FIELD
The present invention relates to a system for membrane filtration of a dispersion having an aqueous continuous phase, said system comprising one or more membrane filtration units, also called primary membrane filtration units, where each unit is associated with a feeding pipe, a retentate exit pipe, and a permeate exit pipe, said retentate exit pipe of one unit, if desired, being coupled to or being the only inlet to the feeding pipe of one or more succeeding units.
Furthermore, the invention relates to a process for membrane filtrating a dispersion having an aqueous continuous phase in one or more membrane filtration steps, where a feeding dispersion fed to a filtration membrane is separated in each step into a retentate retained by the filtration membrane and a permeate passing through said filtration membrane, whereby the retentate from one step can be used, if desired, as a feeding dispersion or a portion thereof in one or more succeeding steps.
A specific embodiment of the invention relates to a process for regulating milk solids components in concentrated milk products in connection with their manufacture by ultrafiltration of milk. The concentrated milk products achieved by this embodiment of the invention are preferably intended for the manufacture of cheese, in particular fresh unripened cheese, curd or cheese in brine, such as White Cheese, Feta, Domiaty, Mozzarella, Kaskaval and Kefalotyri.
BACKGROUND ART
In order to support the understanding of the application some expressions used in the present specification and claims have been defined below. called a feed dispersion, is separated into a retentate not passing through the membrane and a permeate passing through said membrane. The retentate is a fluid dispersion in which the amount of dispersing phase has been increased relative to the amount thereof in the feed dispersion. Examples of membranes to be used by the membrane filtration are MF, UF, NF, and RO membranes, which have been defined in greater detail below. filtration membrane. filtration membrane. a pore size of 0.08 .mu.m to 2.5 .mu.m corresponding to a molecular cutoff value of 150 000 to 5 000 000. a pore size of 0.002 .mu.m to 0.4 .mu.m corresponding to a molecular cutoff value of 500 to 800 000. a pore size of 0.0007 .mu.m to 0.007 .mu.m corresponding to a molecular cutoff value of 140 to 15 000. RO-membrane. When an RO-membrane is used, the permeate is nothing but water in some cases. In other cases metal ions and aqueous salts may also pass through an RO-membrane. In connection with an RO-membrane it is hardly possible directly to refer to a pore size, but at least theoretically speaking a pore size of between 0 and 0.0015 .mu.m corresponding to a molecular cutoff value of between 0 and 300 applies. an NF-membrane, where water has been added to the feed dispersion. It is possible to reduce the amount of permeable solids in the retentate by using diafiltration. dispersion can be any type of dispersion where the disperse phase can include particles of molecular-disperse, colloid-disperse, and/or coarse-disperse particle sizes. In practise the present invention only refers to feed dispersions in which the continuous phase of the dispersion is based on water. membrane, i.e. in practise all permeate ingredients apart from water. The ingredients of the feed dispersion to be considered permeable solids are determined by the filtration membrane used.
During the membrane filtration, the permeate containing permeable solids and water passes through the filtration membrane. The remaining portion of the feed dispersion, viz. the retentate, leaves the filtration unit without passing through the filtration membrane. The weight ratio of permeate to retentate depends on various factors, such as the pressure difference above the membrane, the pore size of said membrane, the area as well as coating or fouling degree of said membrane. The individual membrane units may be coupled in series or in parallel. For some purposes, such as ultrafiltration of milk or milk products, the m
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Krabsen Erik
Ottosen Niels Klausen
Saugmann Aksel
Fortuna Ana
MD Foods A.M.B.A.
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