Synthetic storage proteins with defined structure containing pro

Details Synthetic storage proteins with defined structure containing pro Synthetic storage proteins with defined structure containing pro

1994-02-03

1996-09-24

Moody, Patricia R.

Organic compounds -- part of the class 532-570 series

Organic compounds

Carbohydrates or derivatives

435 691, 435172, 435 3, 4352404, 4353201, 800205, 800DIG70, 935 10, 935 64, C12N 1511, C12N 1582, A01H 500

Patent

active

055592236

DESCRIPTION:

BRIEF SUMMARY
This application, filed as PCT/US92/06412, on Aug. 7, 1992 is a continuation-in-part of application Ser. No. 07/743,006, filed on Aug. 9, 1991, now abandoned.


BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION

The worldwide animal feed market, which includes livestock, poultry, aquaculture and pets is 475 million metric tons. In the United States 180 million metric tons are consumed, with corn (Zea mays L.) accounting for about 67% and soybean (Glycine max L.) meal for about 10% of the total. Corn and soybean products are also a major element of international trade.
Human food and animal feed derived from many grains are deficient in some of the ten essential amino acids (cysteine, isoleucine, lysine, methionine, phenylalanine, threonine, tyrosine, and valine) which are required in animal diets. In corn, lysine is the most limiting amino acid followed by tryptophan and the sulfur amino acids, methionine and cysteine, for the dietary requirements of many animals. The usefulness of soybean meal, which is rich in lysine and tryptophan, to supplement corn in animal feed is limited by the low sulfur amino acid content of the legume. When soybean meal is used to supplement the lysine levels of corn, the low levels of methionine in soybeans cause the blended feed to have an even lower level of methionine than the original corn. As a result, feed blends of corn and soybean typically still include methionine as an additive. A typical composition of chicken starter rations is shown in Table 1 [Powell et al., (1976) Poult. Science. 55:502-509].


TABLE 1 ______________________________________ Composition of Practical Chicken Starter Rations ______________________________________ Yellow Corn 57.25% Soybean Meal (49% protein) 29.00 Fish solubles 0.65 Wheat middlings 2.50 Delactosed whey 1.50 Costal bermudagrass, dehydrated 5.00 Minerals 0.25 Vitamins 0.25 Animal fat 0.25 DL-Methionine 0.10 Choline chloride 0.10 ______________________________________ the plant seed for a given crop and a specific end use would eliminate the need to supplement mixed or single grain feeds with purified amino acids. Furthermore, the methionine requirements of poultry and swine (the two largest consumers of soybean meal accounting for 78% of the soy protein used in feeds [Wilcox, (1987) Agronomy 16:823]) decrease with age of the animal [Ensminger et al., (1978) Feeds and Nutrition, The Ensminger Publishing Co. Clovis, Calif] The ability to improve the essential amino acid content of soybean or corn in a controllable manner is therefore, extremely desirable. A solution to this problem is the design of a class of synthetic proteins which can be tailored to complement the deficiencies of any crop for use in feeding any animal of any age.
The amino acid content of seeds is determined primarily by the storage proteins which are synthesized during seed development and which serve as a major nutrient reserve following germination. The quantity of protein in seeds varies from about 10% of the dry weight in cereals to 20-40% of the dry weight of legumes. In many seeds the storage proteins account for 50% or more of the total protein. Because of their abundance, plant seed storage proteins were among the first plant proteins to be isolated. Only recently, however, have the amino acid sequences of some of these proteins been determined with the use of molecular genetic techniques. These techniques have also provided information about the genetic signals that control the seed-specific expression and the intracellular targetting of these proteins.
Although no plant seed storage proteins enriched in lysine relative to average lysine content of plant proteins have been identified, a number of sulfur-rich plant seed storage proteins have been identified and their corresponding genes isolated. A gene in corn for a 15 kD zein protein containing 11% methionine and 5% cysteine [Pedersen et al., (1986) J. Biol. Chem. 261:6279-6284] and a gene for a 10 kD zein protein containing 23% methionine and 3% cysteine have been isolated [Kirihara

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