Synthetic peptide, lung surfactant containing the same and remed

Details Synthetic peptide, lung surfactant containing the same and remed Synthetic peptide, lung surfactant containing the same and remed

1996-06-05

1998-10-27

Tsang, Cecilia J.

Drug, bio-affecting and body treating compositions

Designated organic active ingredient containing

Peptide containing doai

514 13, 530324, 530325, 530326, 530327, 530328, 530329, A61K 3800

Patent

active

058278257

DESCRIPTION:

BRIEF SUMMARY
BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION

The present invention relates to a novel synthetic peptide. To be more detailed, it concerns the synthetic peptide which, by being compounded with a lipid mixture, exhibit potent surface activity. The invention also concerns an intermediate for the production of such synthetic peptide, a process for producing such synthetic peptide, a lung surfactant comprising the peptide and a lipid mixture and a lung surfactant remedy for respiratory distress syndrome containing said peptide as the active ingredient.
Respiratory distress syndrome is a disease in which the surface activity of the alveolar surface is lowered due to a lack of lung surfactant. This leads to the collapsing of the alveoli which, in turn, results in severe respiratory disorders. This syndrome occurs frequently among immature neonatants and exhibits a high mortality rate. It is known that lung surfactant compositions are highly effective against neonatal respiratory distress syndrome.
Adults are also afflicted by hypoxemia due to various causes and there are many examples wherein diffuse ground-glass-like shadows are seen in both lungs in chest X-ray photographs and respiration failure occurs despite controlling respiration with a respirator, etc. Ueda and associates (in: Hiromoto Yasuda, "Biosurfactants. Chapter 3. Medical Practices Using Surfactants. Section 1. Clinical Applications of Surfactants. V. Aspiration Pneumonia and Surfactants." p.184, 1990, Science Forum, Co.Ltd.) have reported 2 cases of pneumonia in adults (Ie. the cases of: 1 nitrate gas aspiration pneumonia and 2 recurrent aspiration pneumonia originating from brain tumor, that caused hypoxemia and lead to the deterioration of the general condition and respiratory failure) in which significant improvements were obtained and lives were saved by the injection of lung surfactant into the respiratory tract. Postoperative respiratory failure may occur after heart operations since respiration is stopped during the operation. The effect of lung surfactants on such respiratory failures has also been reported (Shuichi Nosaka et al, Journal of Japanese Medical Society for Biological Interface, Vol. 22, p. 66, 1991).
The substitution therapy of administering lung surfactants from the exterior and via the respiratory tract therefore shows significant therapeutic effects for respiratory distress syndrome.
Recently, 4 types of apoproteins were found that are unique to the lung surfactants of mammals. These are surfactant apoprotein A and surfactant apoprotein D, which are hydrophilic, and surfactant apoprotein B (shall be referred to hereinafter as SP-B) and surfactant apoprotein C (shall be referred to hereinafter as SP-C), which are hydrophobic (Toyoaki Akino and Yoshio Kuroki, Respiration and Circulation, vol.38, No.18, p.722, 1990; Hiromoto Yasuda et al, Biosurfactants: Chapter 2. The Biochemistry of Surfactants--Surfactants and Apoproteins, p.131, 1990, Science Forum, Co.Ltd.).
The SP-C (sequence No.1) derived from human lungs consists of 35 amino acids and is a highly hydrophobic apoprotein that is rich in valine and has phenylalanine as the N-terminal amino acid. The SP-C's isolated from the lung of bovines (sequence No.2), pigs (sequence No.3), rats, etc. also consist of 34 to 35 amino acids and although the amino acid sequences at the N-terminal differ for different species, they exhibit an extremely high homology with human SP-C.
Japanese patent publication No. Hei-3-502095 also indicates that a synthetic peptide (sequence No.4), with the below mentioned 32 amino acid sequence that is part of the structure of SP-C, is the minimum unit that exhibits high surface activity, that mixtures of this peptide and lipids are effective against respiratory distress syndrome and that comparisons of the surface activities of this minimum unit peptide and that of other synthetic peptide with shorter amino acid sequences show that the loss of surface activity is due not to the loss of a specific amino acid but to the reduction in the length of the peptide chain.
Previ

REFERENCES:
Dayhoff, Atlas of Protein Sequence and Structure, vol. 5, p. 96, 1972.
STN Fastnotes.
Richard J. King et al., American Journal of Physiology, No. 223, p. 715, 1972.
Atherton et al., Solid Phase Peptide Synthesis-A Practical Approach, pp. 22-189, Oxford University Press, Oxford, 1989.
Kenichi Akaji et al., Chem. Pharm. Bull., 37 (10), pp. 2661-2664, 1989.

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