Plant protecting and regulating compositions – Plant growth regulating compositions – Micro-organisms or from micro-organisms
Patent
1987-11-09
1993-06-15
Hollrah, Glennon H.
Plant protecting and regulating compositions
Plant growth regulating compositions
Micro-organisms or from micro-organisms
504118, 504127, 504130, 504133, 504134, 504135, 504136, 504143, 504144, 504148, A01N 4340, A01N 4370, A01N 4714, A01N 6300
Patent
active
052198251
DESCRIPTION:
BRIEF SUMMARY
FIELD OF THE INVENTION
The invention relates to improved herbicidally active compositions. These are based on the discovery that when a herbicide which generates an active oxygen species, when applied to plants, is used together with either a substance suited to bind metal or thiol groups in enzymes which participate in the detoxification of active oxygen species containing such metals or thiol groups which are present in the weeds, these enzymes are inhibited. The added substance binds the specific metals present in such enzymes or the thiol groups in said enzymes and cause them to lose activity. The metals most commonly present are copper and zinc. The inactivation of the active oxygen species generated by the herbicide is thus substantially reduced by a factor of more than five allowing much less herbicide to be used for a given effect.
BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION
There exist large variations in the effective dose of oxidant-producing herbicides (i.e., herbicides that bring about formation of active oxygen species required to kill plants). With bipyridillium herbicides such as paraquat, (1,1'-dimethyl-4-4'bipyridium ion) there exists a considerable variation in susceptibility among weed species. Some species, such as Bromis inermis, Amaranthus retroflexus and wheat, are killed at 0.01 kg/ha, whereas, at the other extreme, 3 kg/ha (i.e., 300 times more) are required for good control of Digitaria. Chenopodium album, Sinapis arvensis and Galium aparine under standard industrial screening conditions (Mr. Pierre Bocion, Dr. R. Maaq Ltd., Dielsdorf, Switzerland, personal communication). Biotypes of certain weed species have evolved resistance to paraquat and are not killed by 16 kg/ha while the sensitive biotype of the same species is controlled by 1kg/ha (Watanabe et al., Weed Research (Japan) 7 49, (1982)). In plants a system is known which detoxifies superoxide normally produced as a dangerous byproduct of photosynthesis. (Scheme 1). ##STR1##
The superoxide dismutating system in plants Such oxygen radicals are naturally produced in low amounts as products of photosynthesis especially at high light intensities (Fover and Halliwell, Planta 133 21 (1976); Nakano and Asada, Plant Cell Physiol. 22 867 (1981); Asada et al., in "Oxidative Damage and Related Enzymes" Harwood Acad. Press, London p.342 (1984)). It has been proposed that superoxide-dismutase converts the oxygen radicals to hydrogen peroxide (which is also toxic) and this in turn is detoxified in a series of steps with ascorbate peroxidase, glutathione reductase and/or dehydroascorbate reductases. Conversely, the peroxide can be chemically converted in the presence of ferrous ions to highly toxic hydroxyl ions by the Fenton reaction. This multiple enzyme system exists in varying levels in different plant species and biotypes. The first enzyme in this sequence (superoxide dismutase) has been reported to be in higher activity levels in tissues of biotypes of species with higher levels of tolerance to paraquat. (Harvey and Harper in Le Baron and Gressel, "Herbicide Resistance in Plants, Wiley p. 215 (1982); Youngman and Dodge, Proc. 5 th Intl. Photosyn. Con. Balahan Intl. Sci., Philadelphia p. 537 (1981); Furusawa et al., Plant Cell Physiol. 25 1247 (1984). These findings have been debated as others, including ourselves, (Fuerst et al., Plant Physiol. 77 984 (1985); Shaaltiel and Gressel, Pestic. Biochem. Physiol. 26 22, (1986), could not repeat their results using the methods stated. Superoxide dismutase is also found in higher activity levels in plants chemically stimulated to higher levels of tolerance to paraquat, an oxidant-generating herbicide (Lewinsohn and Gressel, Plant Physiol. 76 125 (1984)). Plants with a ratio of the antioxidants; ascorbate to alpha-tocopherol of more than 5 and less than 20 were far more tolerant to the photo-oxidant affect of the diphenyl-ether herbicide oxyfluorfen [2-chloro-1(3-ethoxy-4nitrophenoxy)-4-trifluoromethyl)-benzene] (Finckh and Kunert, J. Agric. Food Chem. 33 574 (1985)). Thus ascorbate regenerated by the
REFERENCES:
patent: 2992091 (1961-07-01), Harman et al.
Klingman et al., "Weed Science Principles and Practice", pp. 165-168, John Wiley & Sons, 2nd edition, 1982.
Sawada et al., Biochim. Biophys. Acta 268, 305, 1972.
Heikkila et al., "The inactivation of copper zinc superoxide . . . " Chemical Abstracts, vol. 89, pp. 177, 72412W, 1978.
Muneta. Chem. Abst. vol. 94, (1981) 155220M.
Burdeska et al. Chem. Abst. vol. 97 158036d, also pp. 1625H, 11th collectives Index.
Gressel Jonathan
Shaaltiel Joseph
Clardy S. Mark
Hollrah Glennon H.
Yeda Research and Development Co. Ltd.
LandOfFree
Synergistic herbicidal compositions comprising herbicides which does not yet have a rating. At this time, there are no reviews or comments for this patent.
If you have personal experience with Synergistic herbicidal compositions comprising herbicides which , we encourage you to share that experience with our LandOfFree.com community. Your opinion is very important and Synergistic herbicidal compositions comprising herbicides which will most certainly appreciate the feedback.
Profile ID: LFUS-PAI-O-1042669