Cleaning compositions for solid surfaces – auxiliary compositions – Cleaning compositions or processes of preparing – For cleaning a specific substrate or removing a specific...
Reexamination Certificate
2001-06-04
2003-07-01
Ogden, Necholus (Department: 1751)
Cleaning compositions for solid surfaces, auxiliary compositions
Cleaning compositions or processes of preparing
For cleaning a specific substrate or removing a specific...
C510S151000, C510S152000, C510S156000, C510S470000, C510S474000
Reexamination Certificate
active
06586379
ABSTRACT:
BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION
This invention relates to fatty-acid-free syndet bar soaps containing alkyl and/or alkenyl oligoglycosides, olefin sulfonates and starch.
Bar soaps play an important part in personal hygiene. Today, bar soaps are industrially produced by continuous saponification of free fatty acids with alkalis, concentration of the basic soaps and spray drying. A distinction is drawn between true alkali soaps, which contain only fatty acid salts and optionally free fatty acids, and so-called “combination bars”, i.e. bar soaps which—in addition to fatty acid salts—contain other synthetic surfactants, generally fatty alcohol ether sulfates or fatty acid isethionates. By contrast, a special position is occupied by so-called “syndet bars” which, apart from impurities, are free from fatty acid salts and contain only synthetic surfactants.
In Germany alone, several million bars of soap for personal hygiene are sold annually. However, the commercial requirements which these mass consumption articles are expected to satisfy are becoming increasingly more stringent. Bar soaps are required not only to clean, but also to care for the skin, i.e. to prevent the skin from drying out, to “refat” the skin and to protect it against outside influences. The soap is of course expected to be particularly compatible with the skin, but at the same time to produce an abundant and creamy foam in use and to have a pleasant feeling on the skin. In this connection, manufacturers of bar soaps are constantly looking for new ingredients which satisfy these increased requirements.
In recent years, alkyl glucosides have acquired significance as new nonionic surfactants because they behave like anionic surfactants in many respects, for example in their foaming power, and at the same time show extremely high ecological and dermatological compatibility. Accordingly, it was logical to experiment with such surfactants in connection with bar soaps. For example, toilet soaps containing 1 to 20% by weight of alkyl polyglucosides and preferably 55 to 66% by weight of soap as builder are known from European patent application EP 0 463 912 A (Colgate). Toilet soaps containing mild surfactants, including for example those of the alkyl polyglucoside type, are known from EP 0 227 321 A2, EP 0 308 189 B1 and EP 0 308 190 B1 (Procter & Gamble). In addition, DE 43 31 297 A1 and DE 43 37 031 A1 (Henkel) describe fatty-acid-salt-containing combination bars in which small quantities of alkyl polyglucosides are present. Finally, DE 1945136 C1 describes syndet bar soaps containing 5 to 25% by weight of alkyl and/or alkenyl oligoglycosides and 5 to 40% by weight of starch. However, the bar soaps obtainable in accordance with the teaching of the prior art do not always develop enough foam and, in addition, are unsatisfactory in regard to foam consistency and, in particular, the feeling they have on the skin. In addition, if free fatty acids are used as refatting agents, extremely serious corrosion problems can occur in manufacturing equipment.
Accordingly, the problem addressed by the present invention was to provide syndet soaps which would be free from the disadvantages described above. A particular factor to be taken into consideration in this regard was that the new bar soap compositions would also have to lend themselves to production on an industrial scale, i.e. they would be expected, for example, to show adequate, but not excessive moldability and would not have any tendency to form cracks on drying.
DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION
The present invention relates to syndet soaps containing
(a) alkyl and/or alkenyl oligoglycosides,
(b) olefin sulfonates and
(c) starch.
It has surprisingly been found that bar soaps with improved foaming behavior and an optimized feeling on the skin can be produced in the absence of fatty acids or fatty acid salts providing mixtures of alkyl and/or alkenyl oligoglycosides and olefin sulfonates, preferably in water-free form, are used as the surfactant component and starch is used as builder. The invention includes the observation that the mixtures are also eminently suitable for the industrial production of bar soaps, i.e. they are stable during storage in air, substantially non-hygroscopic and moldable and do not crack on drying.
Alkyl and/or Alkenyl Oligoglycosides
Alkyl and alkenyl oligoglycosides are known nonionic surfactants corresponding to formula (I):
R
1
O—[G]
p
(I)
in which R
1
is an alkyl and/or alkenyl radical containing 4 to 22 carbon atoms, G is a sugar unit containing 5 or 6 carbon atoms and p is a number of 1 to 10. They may be obtained by the relevant methods of preparative organic chemistry. EP 0 301 298 A1 and WO 90/03977 are cited as representative of the extensive literature available on the subject.
The alkyl and/or alkenyl oligoglycosides may be derived from aldoses or ketoses containing 5 or 6 carbon atoms, preferably glucose. Accordingly, the preferred alkyl and/or alkenyl oligoglycosides are alkyl and/or alkenyl oligoglucosides. The index p in general formula (I) indicates the degree of oligomerization (DP), i.e. the distribution of mono- and oligoglycosides, and is a number of 1 to 10. Whereas p in a given compound must always be an integer and, above all, may assume a value of 1 to 6, the value p for a certain alkyl oligoglycoside is an analytically determined calculated quantity which is generally a broken number. Alkyl and/or alkenyl oligoglycosides having an average degree of oligomerization p of 1.1 to 3.0 are preferably used. Alkyl and/or alkenyl oligoglycosides having a degree of oligomerization of less than 1.7 and, more particularly, between 1.2 and 1.4 are preferred from the applicational point of view.
The alkyl or alkenyl radical R
1
may be derived from primary alcohols containing 4 to 11 and preferably 8 to 10 carbon atoms. Typical examples are butanol, caproic alcohol, caprylic alcohol, capric alcohol and undecyl alcohol and the technical mixtures thereof obtained, for example, in the hydrogenation of technical fatty acid methyl esters or in the hydrogenation of aldehydes from Roelen's oxosynthesis. Alkyl oligoglucosides having a chain length of C
8
to C
10
(DP=1 to 3), which are obtained as first runnings in the separation of technical C
8-18
coconut oil fatty alcohol by distillation and which may contain less than 6% by weight of C
12
alcohol as an impurity, and also alkyl oligoglucosides based on technical C
9/11
oxoalcohols (DP=1 to 3) are preferred. In addition, the alkyl or alkenyl radical R
1
may also be derived from primary alcohols containing 12 to 22 and preferably 12 to 14 carbon atoms. Typical examples are lauryl alcohol, myristyl alcohol, cetyl alcohol, palmitoleyl alcohol, stearyl alcohol, isostearyl alcohol, oleyl alcohol, elaidyl alcohol, petroselinyl alcohol, arachyl alcohol, gadoleyl alcohol, behenyl alcohol, erucyl alcohol, brassidyl alcohol and technical mixtures thereof which may be obtained as described above. Alkyl oligoglucosides based on hydrogenated C
12/14
cocoalcohol with a DP of 1 to 3 are preferred.
Olefin Sulfonates
The syndet soaps according to the invention contain anionic surfactants obtainable by methods known per se as a further component. Olefin sulfonates are preferably obtained by addition of SO
3
onto olefins corresponding to formula (II):
R
2
—CH═CH—R
3
(II)
in which R
2
and R
3
independently of one another represent H or alkyl groups containing 1 to 20 carbon atoms, with the proviso that R
2
and R
3
together contain at least 6 and preferably 10 to 16 carbon atoms. Particulars of their production and use can be found in a synoptic article published in J. Am. Oil. Chem. Soc. 55, 70 (1978). Internal olefin sulfonates may be used although &agr;-olefin sulfonates which are obtained R
2
or R
3
is hydrogen are preferably used. Typical examples of the olefin sulfonates used are the sulfonation products obtained by reacting SO
3
with 1-, 2-butene, 1-, 2-, 3-hexene, 1-, 2-, 3-, 4-octene, 1-, 2-, 3-, 4-, 5-decane, 1-, 2-, 3-, 4-, 5-, 6-dode
Cognis Deutschland GmbH
Drach John E.
Ogden Necholus
Trzaska Steven J.
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