Gear cutting – milling – or planing – Milling – Including means to infeed rotary cutter toward work
Patent
1983-12-08
1986-01-14
Desmond, Eugene F.
Gear cutting, milling, or planing
Milling
Including means to infeed rotary cutter toward work
409203, 409204, B23C 306
Patent
active
045643237
DESCRIPTION:
BRIEF SUMMARY
The invention relates to a swirl or gyro apparatus for the working of planar, shallowly curved or circular workpiece contours, consisting of a gyro cutterhead which is rotatably mounted in an internal cam which is rotatably mounted in an external cam, the latter in turn being rotatably mounted in a casing, and the two cams being adjustable in their mutual position.
Gyro apparatus can be used, for example, in crankshaft turning machines having excentrically journaled cutterhead spindles for the accommodation of external mills and the like for the machining of oval crank arm shapes on crankshafts and other external round or other-than-round workpiece contours.
It is known to machine such workpiece contours by the copying method, by turning or milling. It is also known, however, that such contours can be machined only to a limited extent on gyro machines using internal mills.
In the case of machining by turning in the copying method, the workpiece revolves, and the tool is moved back and forth under the control of the copying apparatus. The machining takes a relatively long time since the cutting efficiency is low. In milling with external mills, the workpiece is rotated 360.degree., and the external mill, which is mounted on a milling carriage, is guided in the planar direction to the crankshaft axis under copier control or by a numerical control system.
The great cutting forces acting on the crankshaft require very good support of the workpiece so as to withstand the radial and bending forces applied to it. The smaller the workpiece diameter is and the more flexible the workpiece is, the more necessary it is to provide such support.
A secure and stable support of a rotating workpiece is problematical, especially in the case of crankshafts and camshafts. Machining inaccuracies, and vibration resulting in tool breakage, are often the consequence. In the machining of oval contours with internal mills, it is not possible to machine shallow or straight contours of crank arms or of cams, since the size of the radius of curvature of the contour being machined depends on the inside diameter of the tool.
It is the object of the invention to accomplish, in a very economical manner, the machining of workpieces having planar, shallowly curved or circular contours, on the basis of the gyrating cutter principle while the workpiece is held stationary, and to do so as independently as possible of the radius of curvature of the contour to be machined, that is, to guide the tool along a course equidistant from the contour that is to be machined.
This object is accomplished in accordance with the invention by making the external cam and/or the internal cam drivable, and by making the casing, together with the internal and external cams displaceable perpendicular to the workpiece axis along at least a straight line.
Through the arrangement of the gyrating cutterhead on the internal cam, which is adjustable relative to the external cam, while at the same time guiding the gyro apparatus casing which contains the two cams, the center of the gyrating cutterhead can move along a path that is composed of combined arcuate and rectilinear elements. If the relative dimensions are appropriate, the center of the gyro cutterhead can be guided along a line equidistant from even complex external contours of the workpiece being machined.
The gyrating ["gyro"] cutterhead can be a tool holder for external and internal mills, single mills, mill sets, grinding wheels etc.
The driving of the cams and of the casing that contains them can be under numerical control and can be performed by independently operated direct-current motors.
An especially simple embodiment is achieved when the external cam is driven and the internal cam rotates together with the external cam in a fixed position relative to the latter. In this case the casing can best be displaceable on a horizontal straight line perpendicular to the workpiece axis. Such an embodiment is suitable especially for the machining of crankshafts.
On the basis of the proposed design, the possibili
Desmond Eugene F.
Oerlikon-Boehringer GmbH
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