Swaging machine

Details Swaging machine Swaging machine

1999-12-07

2001-06-12

Larson, Lowell A. (Department: 3725)

Metal deforming

By use of tool acting during relative rotation between tool...

Work-hammering tool

C072S403000

Reexamination Certificate

active

06244087

ABSTRACT:

1. FIELD OF THE INVENTION
This invention relates to a swaging machine for swaging rod-shaped or tubular workpieces, comprising hammering units including outer hammering rams and inner hammering tools, which are vertically movably guided in radial recesses of a forging box mounted so as to be rotated and driven about the axis of movement of the workpiece, and comprising pressure members supported at a coaxial supporting ring surrounding the forging box, where the forging box and/or the supporting ring can be driven so as to rotate relative to each other, and the pressure members act on the hammering rams of the hammering units, whose head portions protrude into the path of rotation of the pressure members, during the respective passage in the sense of an inwardly directed pressure pulse.
2. Description of the Prior Art
With a comparatively simple machine concept, these swaging machines provide for swaging with hammering tools radially striking against the workpiece at the same time and rotating relative to the workpiece, whereby an angular displacement of the deformation planes is obtained and zones of increased stress on the material in the overlap region of the hammering tools are avoided. In the known swaging machines pressure rollers serve as pressure members, which rotate in the annular space between forging box and supporting ring and roll over the cam-like head portion of the hammering rams, whereby the hammering units acted upon radially outwardly due to the centrifugal force and/or the spring force are pressed inwards in a pulsed manner, which pressure pulses are transferred to the forging tools and thus to the workpiece as a forming force. Since there is only a line contact, while the pressure rollers act on the ram head portions, and the line of force must extend over these line regions during forging, very high surface pressures occur between ram head portion and pressure rollers, which despite special surface hardenings and the like lead to material overloads with strong wear phenomena and low down-times. There are also difficulties in the adjustment of the vertical position of the hammering units, which adjustment of the vertical position requires a complex insertion of wedge plates or the like between the hammering rams and hammering tools forming separate parts of the hammering units.
SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION
It is therefore the object underlying the invention to create a swaging machine as described above, which is characterized by its rugged and hard wearing lifting drive and in addition offers the prerequisite for an economic adjustment of the vertical position.
This object is solved by the invention in that the pressure members are comprised of a pressure plate which like a rocker is pivotally mounted at the end face of a plunger non-rotatably seated in the supporting ring so as to be swivelled in a stop-limited way about a rocking axis parallel to the axis of movement, and the hammering rams include as head portion a counter-pressure plate associated to the pressure plates, which like a rocker can be swivelled in a stop-limited way about a rocking axis parallel to the axis of movement, where pressure plates and counter-pressure plates form cooperating slide faces and via restoring springs can be pressurized in the direction of a starting position forwardly inclined with respect to the respective relative rotation of forging box and supporting ring. In the case of a relative rotation of forging box and supporting ring, pressure plates and counter-pressure plates act on each other with their slide faces during the respective passage and while simultaneously performing a rocking movement slide on each other, whereby the radial distance of the rocking axes of pressure plate and counter-pressure plate is changed and a lifting movement is forced onto the hammering units against the outwardly directed centrifugal or spring force load thereof. The slide faces of pressure plate and counter-pressure plate resting against each other provide a large-surface contact region, which even with high forming forces does not involve a surface pressure impairing the load-bearing capacity of the material. Since the rocking supports of the pressure plates and counter-pressure plates can also easily be adapted to the occurring loads, there is obtained a rugged, wear-resistant and also highly efficient drive concept. Due to their starting positions each forwardly inclined in relative direction of rotation, the pressure plates and counter-pressure plates each come to properly lie on each other with their slide faces when they are moved towards each other, so that a troublefree movement is ensured. The slide faces have straight generatrixes, which in the case of a central swivel position of the pressure plates and counter-pressure plates with respect to the plungers and hammering rams are aligned tangential to the path of rotation and each lie in a plane normal to the rocking axis, whereby the pressure plates and counter-pressure plates can perfectly slide on each other during passage. It is, however, possible to also provide cylindrical or undulated slide faces instead of planar slide faces in order to increase the contact regions, or to provide the slide faces with rounded edges in direction of rotation, in order to prevent pressure and counter-pressure plates from striking against each other with their edges.
To reduce the pressure loads in the bearing region of the pressure and counter-pressure plates, the pressure plates and the plungers or the counter-pressure plates and the hammering rams each engage in each other with circular cylindrical bearing shells and bearing bodies, so that here as well large-surface contact regions are obtained.
In accordance with a particularly advantageous aspect of the invention the plungers are longitudinally movably inserted in the supporting ring, so that by means of a longitudinal adjustment of these plungers the radial position of the pressure plates with respect to the axis of movement can be changed, which at the same time changes the radial position of the hammering units inside the recesses in the forging box and therefore involves an adjustment of the vertical position. To effect the longitudinal adjustment, all suitable means may be used, preferably screw drives, which via a planetary gear system coaxial to the axis of movement can jointly be actuated and also during a forging operation.
To be able to provide the hammering units with a punch-like design, the hammering rams of the hammering units protrude through the recesses of the forging box and at their end facing the workpiece form a tool holder for positively holding the hammering tool. Since the division of the hammering units into separate rams and hammering tools is no longer necessary to effect an adjustment of the vertical position, positively composed hammering units may be used, which due to their compact design provide for higher blow rates and, since the tools are freely accessible outside the forging box, also simplify the tool change.
Advantageously, the hammering rams are sealed with respect to the recesses by means of peripheral seals, which provides for a sufficient lubrication of the drive and guide members without a risk of contamination.
When the hammering rams in addition have a portion of rectangular cross-section at their head end and a portion of round cross-section at their tool end, the hammering units can properly be sealed without a large constructional effort by means of simple round seals or the like in the vicinity of the tool-end portion, when they are non-rotatably guided by the head-end portion.


REFERENCES:
patent: 279124 (1883-06-01), Brainard
patent: 916487 (1954-08-01), None

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