Communications: directive radio wave systems and devices (e.g. – With particular circuit – With recording
Patent
1994-05-06
1996-02-13
Pihulic, Daniel T.
Communications: directive radio wave systems and devices (e.g.,
With particular circuit
With recording
G01C 1500, G01C 506
Patent
active
054914850
DESCRIPTION:
BRIEF SUMMARY
The system at issue has been studied to be of great use in the field of topographical, cadastral and any other kind of ground surveys, including the measurement and the mapping of interiors.
By means of electromagnetic waves and barometric sensors, the above-mentioned system allows the measurement both of distances between points and of their heights, even when the points to be surveyed are not visible from the survey stations.
Most of the systems employed in this field use high precision optical and mechanical-optical instruments. The application of electronics in this field is relatively recent and it integrates traditional optical devices such as tacheometers, theodolites etc. This is due both to the increased potentiality of the instruments and to the reduction of the risk of errors. Electronic devices allow more accurate measurements, they save time in the processing of the data, while their accessories are lighter, less bulky and easy to carry. All these advantages obviously influence the price, which is sensibly higher than that of the traditional instruments.
Data registers that, once connected to an electronic unit, can automatically record all the surveyed data descriptions of the targets surveyed and additional notes of various kind, have been recently put on the market. When connected to a computer, such registers transfer the surveyed data to it, producing tabulations and/or graphics with no need of the operator's presence. This completely prevents any possibility of mistake both in the transcriptions and in the conversion computation of the surveyed data.
Since all the instruments currently employed, both traditional and electronic, are basically optical, they all need the points to survey to be visible to the operator working on the instrumental unit. The European Patent n. A-0 051 913 filed on Aug. 14th 1981 must be mentioned in connection with this. This Patent describes a method and an apparatus for remote control surveying of distances, the method comprises the steps of positioning electronic distance measuring and rotating reflector units in spaced relation, of energizing the reflector unit from adjacent the measuring device in order to create a sight line between the devices, ad of measuring the distance-between the devices-with the electronic distance measuring device.
The surveying apparatus comprises a reflector unit, a motor for rotating said unit, a radio receiver energizing said motor and a portable radio transmitter controlling said receiver.
Both the presence of reflector units and the repeated statement that the devices must be reciprocally visible to each other in order to create a sight line indicate that such a method of surveying distances is based on the employment of electromagnetic waves whose wavelength ranges between 300.mu. and 100 .ANG.--namely light waves--as vectors. In case of poor visibility, when the vegetation is thick, or in the middle of conurbation, the devices described in this Patent and the optical instruments used nowadays in general are often unusable if not supplemented by survey methods alternative to direct measurement such as, for instance, by referring to a traverse measured at a series of instrument stations from which the points to survey are visible.
While such devices are generally effective and ingenious, they require the use of heavy and complex equipments due to the presence of accumulators, of strong and sturdy tripods, of reflector units, of motors, of radio receiver, etc. A bigger problem is then represented by the necessity of positioning the devices over reciprocally visible points and on an even plane, since the devices can only rotate on an horizontal plane; it is therefore impossible to collimate points located outside such a plane.
The SU Patent A-802 783 must be mentioned as far as the use of barometers is concerned. This Patent describes an altitude measuring system which has two fixed and one movable barometers and includes one unit to determine the difference between information from pressure converters. The signals from the tw
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Mattera Mario
Vuch Walter
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