Communications: directive radio wave systems and devices (e.g. – Combined with diverse type radiant energy system
Patent
1990-02-15
1991-12-31
Buczinski, Stephen C.
Communications: directive radio wave systems and devices (e.g.,
Combined with diverse type radiant energy system
342 54, 342 56, 342 58, 342352, 342357, 356 1, 356 4, 356 5, G01S 1300, H04B 7185, G01C 300, G01C 308
Patent
active
050775570
DESCRIPTION:
BRIEF SUMMARY
The invention relates to a surveying instrument with a receiver for a satellite-position measuring system as well as to a method of operation thereof.
Satellite position-measuring systems permit a terrestrial position determination with geodetic accuracy. A precondition is the use of a receiver tuned to the system, which in the case of field measurements is a mobile instrument The receiver is directly equipped with an antenna, the position of which is recognized with the aid of the system. On account of the quasi-optical propagation properties of the wave range selected for the transmission system, a useful reception of the satellite signals can be guaranteed only if the receiver antenna is situated in the direct range of sight of a plurality of satellites of the system. This precondition is not fulfilled for all surveying tasks. Points which are masked by obstructions in the zenith region and which thus are not situated in the reception range of the satellites formerly could not be surveyed by this system.
The object of this invention also is to permit the surveying of points with the aid of a satellite system, which points are not situated in the direct range of sight of the satellites. According to the invention, this object is achieved by an instrument which includes a non-contact measuring range finder 2 which is tiltable combined with a satellite receiver 1 in a geometrically unambiguously defined relative position. A method according to the invention for the operation of the instrument involves a remote measuring point 6 which is aimed at with a sighting device 5 and a vertical setting of the instrument is simultaneously monitored with the aid of a vertical sensor 4.
By the measures defined therein, it becomes possible to determine in terms of coordinates also such points which could not be surveyed formerly by using satellite position-measuring systems. Thus, for example, field surveying is substantially simplified, since only instruments for surveying according to the satellite system must additionally be carried.
Details of the invention are explained in greater detail hereinbelow, with reference to illustrative embodiments, with the aid of the drawings. In the drawings:
FIG. 1 shows an example of a surveying instrument for surveying of points which are not situated in the reception range of a satellite position-measuring system.
FIG. 2 shows an example of field measurement using at least one instrument according to FIG. 1, with two auxiliary measurement points which are situated in the reception range of a satellite position-measuring system.
FIG. 3 shows the block diagram of the stages of the surveying instrument of FIG. 1.
According to FIG. 1, a measuring instrument according to the invention consists of a receiver 1 tuned to the satellite position-measuring system, with an appropriate antenna. In the example, the receiver is preferably arranged for the reception of the Global Positioning System GPS. The instrument furthermore includes a range finder 2, preferably an electro-optical range finder or a range finder based on the ultrasonic principle. An electro-optical range finder is preferably of the type as described in Swiss Patent Specifications CH 641,308 or CH 644,243. The two mentioned modules receiver 1 and range finder 2 are mounted in a geometrically unambiguous manner on a plumb rod 3, which exhibits, as an additional device, a vertical sensor 4 for the determination of the local physical vertical direction.
The range finder 2 is provided with a sighting device 5, which is disposed coaxially to the optical axis of the range finder. The sighting device is designed in such a manner that the observer can observe simultaneously the vertical position of the plumb rod 3 and a point aimed at in the field of view. The sighting device can be equipped with a sensor reacting to the magnetic field of the earth.
The range finder 2 is preferably tiltable about a horizontal axis H. The amount of the tilt rotation is detected by means of an angle generator or an electronic inclinometer a.
Furthermore
REFERENCES:
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patent: 4741245 (1988-05-01), Malone
patent: 4743913 (1988-05-01), Takai
patent: 4949089 (1990-08-01), Ruszkowski, Jr.
Stiglitz, "The Global Positioning System," Microwave Journal, vol. 29, No. 4, Apr. 1986, pp. 34, 36, 38, 42, 44, 46, 50, 52, 54, 56-59.
Gort, "A Fully Integrated, Microprocessor-Controlled Total Station," Hewlett-Packard Journal, vol. 31, No. 9, Sep. 1980, pp. 3-11.
Buczinski Stephen C.
Wild Leitz AG
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