Surgery – Specula – Retractor
Reexamination Certificate
2000-09-06
2002-12-31
Smith, Jeffrey A. (Department: 3625)
Surgery
Specula
Retractor
C600S231000, C600S210000, C600S213000, C600S215000
Reexamination Certificate
active
06500116
ABSTRACT:
FIELD OF INVENTION
The present invention relates to surgical retractors and devices for stabilizing a predetermined area of the body during a surgical procedure, more particularly to surgical retractors and stabilizing devices used in connection with minimally invasive coronary artery bypass grafting surgical procedures, and more specifically to surgical retractors are stabilizing devices especially configured for use with each other for such surgical procedures.
BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION
Diseases of the cardiovascular system affect million s of people each year and are a cause of death for large numbers of people in the United States and throughout the world. A particularly prevalent form of cardiovascular disease involves a reduction in the blood supply to the heart caused by atherosclerosis (coronary artery disease) or other conditions that create a restriction in blood flow at a critical point in the cardiovascular system leading to the heart.
One technique for treating such a blockage or restriction is a surgical procedure known as a coronary artery bypass graft procedure, which is more commonly known as “a heart bypass” operation. The surgical correction of occluded or stenosed coronary arteries by means of bypass grafting are probably still the most common procedures performed today, especially when multiple grafts are needed.
In the coronary artery bypass graft procedure, the surgeon either removes a portion of a vein from another part of the body for grafting or detaches one end of an artery and connects that end past the obstruction while leaving the other end attached to the arterial supply. When using a vein from another part of the body, the surgeon installs this portion at points that bypass the obstruction. In both cases, the objective is to restore normal blood flow to the heart.
In addition, when using this technique the surgeon makes a long incision down the middle of the chest, saws through the sternum, spreads the two halves of the sternum apart using either curved or straight blades. The curved blades are commonly known as “Cooley” style blades. The curved blades are preferred by many surgeons because they provide the surgeon with better stabilization of the retractor in the chest incision because the sternum is captured within the curvature of the blade. The problem with these types of blades is that they are more difficult to insert because they have a larger side profile. The other type of commonly used blades are the straight blades. These are generally known as “Finochietto” style blades. The straight blades are preferred by many surgeons because they have a low side profile and are easy to insert into the chest incision. The difficulty with the straight blades is that they offer the surgeon less stabilization of the retractor in the chest incision than the curved blades. Once the blades of the retractor are inserted, the surgeon may then perform the procedures necessary to connect the surgical patient to a cardiopulmonary bypass machine to continue the circulation of oxygenated blood to the rest of the body while the heart is stopped and the graft is being sewn in place although such a procedure is one common technique for treatment, the procedure is lengthy, traumatic, considerably expensive and can damage the heart, the central nervous system and the blood supply.
In recent years, and in an effort to reduce expense, risk and trauma to the patient, physicians have turned to less invasive surgical approaches to the heart, such as intercostal and endoscopic access to the surgical site. With such procedures, the heart is beating during the surgical procedure. Thus, there is no need for any form of cardiopulmonary bypass and there is no need to perform the extensive surgical procedures necessary to connect the patient to such a bypass machine.
Such attempts at performing minimally invasive bypass grafting on a beating heart, however, have been thought of as being tedious, dangerous and difficult because of the delicate nature of the surgical procedure, the lack of adequate access through a reduced surgical field, and the lack of a way to adequately stabilize and reduce tissue movement at the graft site. Because these procedures are performed while the heart muscle is continuing to beat, the blood continues to flow and the heart continues to move in three dimensional movement while the surgeon is attempting to sew the graft in place. Also, the surgical procedure to install the graft requires placing a series of sutures through an extremely small vessel and onto tissue that continues to move during the procedure. It is necessary that these sutures be fully and securely placed so the graft is firmly in position and does not leak.
There is disclosed in U.S. Pat. No. 5,730,757, an access platform for the dissection of an internal mammary artery. The described access platform has first and second blades interconnected to a spreader member that laterally drives the blades apart together and support pads interconnected to the first blade. A torsional member is operably interconnected to the first blade and the spreader member and is used to vertically displace the first blade in either direction. Thus, increasing the surgeon's working space and visual access for the dissection of the internal mammary artery. A tissue retractor interconnected to the blades is used to draw the soft tissue around the incision away from the surgeon's work area. It is further provided that the access platform can include a port that can be used to mount a heart stabilizer instrument. In U.S. Pat. No. 2,450,194 granted to Glaser, an adjustable retractor is disclosed. This retractor includes movable blade structures on each retractor arm wherein the blades include tubular sleeves that include a set screw to hold the blades in a fixed position relative to the retractor arms.
There also is described in U.S. Pat. No. 5,875,782 granted to Ferrari et al. and U.S. Pat. No. 5,894,843 granted to Benetti et al. an apparatus for stabilizing the predetermined area on a heart or other organ of a patient to enable a surgical procedure on a beating heart. The apparatus includes a bifircated member having two elongated prongs and an elongated handle. The handle segment can be movably attached to a rib retractor so that a person is not required to hold the handle segment. In one disclosed embodiment, the apparatus further includes a device to hold the bifurcated member in a position against the surface of the heart sufficiently so that a stabilizing force is applied against the heart and contraction of the heart does not cause either vertical or horizontal motion at the target site during the surgical procedure.
There also is described in U.S. Pat. No. 5,836,311 granted to Borst et al. an apparatus for stabilizing the predetermined area on a heart or other organ of a patient to enable a surgical procedure on a beating heart. The apparatus includes a single legged or bifurcated member having a plurality of suction members thereon which are attached to the surface of the heart using suction pressure. The arm portion of this device can be movably attached to a rib retractor or other surgical device so a person is not required to hold the handle segment and the suction device may be locked into position against the surface of the heart
It is therefore desirable to provide a new system and devices related thereto for stabilizing a predetermined area of the body, such as the heart and methods related thereto. It is particularly desirable to provide such a system and devices thereto that are less complex and more user friendly in comparison to prior art devices. Such systems and devices thereto preferably are simple in construction and less costly than prior art devices.
SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION
The present invention features improved retractor blades for use on a surgical retractor and an improved system for retracting, stabilizing or manipulating a predetermined area of a body. The overall system includes a surgical retractor, a stabilization arm or apparatus and a tissue support or stabiliza
Allison Richard D.
DesRosier Thomas J.
Genzyme Corporation
Smith Jeffrey A.
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