Education and demonstration – Anatomy – physiology – therapeutic treatment – or surgery... – Anatomical representation
Patent
1998-11-06
1999-10-19
Hafer, Robert A.
Education and demonstration
Anatomy, physiology, therapeutic treatment, or surgery...
Anatomical representation
434267, G09B 2330
Patent
active
059677902
DESCRIPTION:
BRIEF SUMMARY
The present invention relates to a surgical model, more particularly a model knee structure simulating certain aspects of the natural anatomical joint and capable of being prepared with realistic simulation of pathologies such as osteochondritis dissecans, osteoarthritis, chondral defects and flaps or loose bodies, for demonstrating and/or practising appropriate surgical techniques by arthroscopy, such as cutting, resecting, ligating, suturing and cauterising tissues in a realistic manner using endoscopic surgical instruments.
Surgical models for demonstrating and/or practising surgical techniques by arthroscopy are generally unrealistic. For example, existing models are often anatomically incorrect, at least insofar as the properties of the materials used for the models are concerned, are generally provided with pre-formed portals and are generally not watertight. These shortcomings give rise to significant difficulties in the training of surgeons in arthroscopic techniques in which, for example, the positioning of the portals and irrigation of the joint are particularly important.
For example, U.S. Pat. No. 4,433,961 describes a human knee model in which a bovine knee is modified to render its appearance more human-like and to facilitate access to the interior of the knee joint. The modified knee joint is encased in a synthetic fluid impervious cover to allow for continuous irrigation of the knee joint.
It is therefore an object of the present invention to provide a surgical model which eliminates or at least reduces these deficiencies of prior art models.
According to the present invention there is provided a surgical model in the form of a knee structure simulating certain aspects of the natural anatomical joint, the model comprising a penetrable outer skin and means defining simulated joint components comprising femoral condyles with a femoral notch therebetween, medial and lateral menisci, anterior and posterior cruciate ligaments and tibial articular surfaces wherein an impermeable penetrable capsule is provided within the skin and penetrable packing material is provided around the capsule between the capsule and the skin, the capsule being formed with internal protrusions corresponding to the femoral condyles with the femoral notch therebetween and corresponding to the tibial articular surfaces.
The model may be provided with a generally flat base or may be configured to be received in a cradle, which cradle is provided with a generally flat base. The base of the model or the cradle may be formed with a recess for engaging with a complementary protrusion formed on a receiving tray.
The model may include a simulated patellar complex intermediate the capsule and the skin. Penetrable packing material may be provided around at least a part of the simulated patellar complex. The patellar complex may incorporate a simulated patella, a simulated patellar tendon and may additionally incorporate a simulated tibial tubercle. The patellar complex may be made of a harder material than the skin and the capsule, for example a harder plastics material such as polyurethane. The patellar complex may allow removal of a part thereof to simulate a bone-tendon-bone graft.
The components simulating the femoral condyles with the femoral notch therebetween may be formed integrally with the capsule, for example they may be formed in the capsule wall. Components simulating one or more of the articular surface of the patella, plicae, the pes anserinus tendon, and the fat pad may be formed integrally with the capsule.
The components simulating the medial and lateral menisci, the anterior and posterior cruciate ligaments and the tibial articular surfaces may be formed as a separate assembly to the remainder of the capsule. The medial and lateral menisci may be formed as a first sub-assembly with one of the posterior and anterior cruciate ligaments, while the tibial articular surfaces may be formed as a second sub-assembly with the other of the posterior and anterior cruciate ligaments. The sub-assemblies may be interconnected
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Strover Angus Everett
Strover Sheila Margaret
Dorman Ira S.
Fernstrom Kurt
Hafer Robert A.
United Surgical Services Limited
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